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. 2017 Jul 20;8(3):30. doi: 10.3390/jfb8030030

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Number of (a) CD68⁺ total monocytes and pro-inflammatory macrophages; (b) CD163⁺ anti-inflammatory tissue macrophages; (c) MHC-II⁺ antigen-presenting cells; (d) total T lymphocytes; (e) mast cells; and (f) activated natural killer cells in the peri-implant tissue of Lewis rats after i.m. implantation of unmodified Ti6Al4V plates (Ti, white boxes), Ti6Al4V plates treated with plasma immersion ion implantation of copper (Ti-Cu, light gray boxes) or Ti6Al4V plates treated with plasma immersion ion implantation of copper and an additional plasma polymerized allylamine film (Ti-Cu-PPAAm, dark gray boxes) after 7, 14 and 56 days. Boxes represent median and interquartile range and whiskers minimum and maximum values; p-values indicate differences in pairwise comparison by non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test.