Table 4.

Concentration of major volatile metabolites present in different fermented food and beverage.

Metabolite	Concentration In Fermented Food and Beverages (mg/L)
	Sourdough (n = 3)	Balsamic vinegars (n = 6)	Beer (n = 3)	Red wine (n = 3)	White wine (n = 3)	Whisky (n = 3)
Ethanol	1750.85 ± 200.18	1900.78 ± 750.47	48730.98 ± 6000.99	107150.25 ± 5500.51	95890.45 ± 8700.64	330780.89 ± 90000.64
Acetic acid	1398.55 ± 65.99	5910.62 ± 300.78	300.12 ± 20.66	455.17 ± 145.10	260.18 ± 79.24	50.29 ± 32.99
Acetoin	200.76 ± 45.66	1558.87 ± 400.34	100.78 ± 45.62	240.66 ± 98.24	100.42 ± 65.43	60.35 ± 10.92
Propanoic acid	110.45 ± 22.38	750.92 ± 100.27	150.36 ± 20.99	198.26 ± 35.77	120.11 ± 39.90	ND
Butyric acid	200.65 ± 26.21	890.45 ± 76.27	160.91 ± 10.87	155.21 ± 86.10	145.78 ± 14.28	ND
2,3-butanediol	167.26±15.55	300.99 ± 90.81	100.24 ± 26.87	500.25 ± 155.42	321.85 ± 109.26	65.12 ± 10.78
cis-3-hexen-1-ol	ND	ND	ND	ULQ	100.76 ± 80.22	ND
Isoamyl alcohol	ULQ	240.99 ± 56.71	105.50 ± 28.91	300.97 ± 109.28	230.89 ± 56.20	500.98 ± 120.90
1-butanol	ULQ	120.98 ± 17.58	100.11 ± 9.87	110.27 ± 4.78	ULQ	200.90 ± 56.72
1-pentanol	ND	ND	ND	ULQ	ULQ	145.87 ± 34.99
Phenylethyl alcohol	100.10 ± 23.98	200.34 ± 55.40	100.21 ± 45.99	450.92 ± 100.21	300.65 ± 145.12	240.98 ± 48.92
Linalool	ND	ND	ND	ULQ	ULQ	ND
Ethyl-L-Lactate	110.99 ± 9.76	230.97 ± 56.78	105.67 ± 20.98	500.98 ± 200.17	300.97 ± 87.22	ULQ
Phenyl ethyl acetate	ULQ	ULQ	ULQ	140.43 ± 32.88	100.35 ± 4.90	ND
Diethyl succinate	ULQ	150.97 ± 34.55	120.97 ± 16.38	206.76 ± 23.76	130.98 ± 76.12	100.24 ± 6.54
Diethyl malate	ULQ	100.65 ± 54.98	ULQ	100.89 ± 23.19	120.97 ± 32.90	ND
Ethyl caprylate	ULQ	ULQ	ULQ	167.98 ± 34.89	104.51 ± 4.31	ND
Hexyl acetate	ND	ULQ	ULQ	ULQ	109.26 ± 3.78	ND

ULQ = under limit of quantitation; ND = not detected.