Figure 1.

Effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on chemokine release and the abundance of ICAM-1 mRNA in human corneal fibroblasts. Cells were incubated for 24 h (A,B) or 6 h (C) with or without LPS (10 ng/mL) from Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella minnesota (S. minnesota), or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as well as in the absence (open bars) or presence (closed bars) of 0.5% human serum. The amounts of IL-8 (A) and MCP-1 (B) released into the culture medium were then determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the amount of ICAM-1 mRNA in the cells (C) was determined by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Data are means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of quadruplicates from representative experiments. * p < 0.05 versus the corresponding value for cells incubated in the absence of LPS. Reprinted with permission from [19].