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Challenges of aptamer therapeutics.
| Challenge | Solution |
|---|---|
| Nucleases mediated degradation | Chemical modification |
| Rapid renal clearance (short half-lives) | Increasing the weight of aptamer by conjugating cholesterol or PEG |
| Cost of production | Decrease the usage of aptamer |
| Toxicity (nonspecific immune activation and polyanionic effects) | Cautious modification |
