Table 1.
Action potential parameters of spontaneously beating control and retinoic acid (RA)-treated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs).
| Action Potential Parameter | Fast Beating Cells | Slowly Beating Cells | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTRL (n = 9) | RA (n = 12) | CTRL (n = 9) | RA (n = 9) | |
| MDP (mV) | −68.2 ± 1.8 | −68.5 ± 0.6 | −70.4 ± 2.8 | −70.8 ± 1.3 |
| Vmax (V/s) | 85.3 ± 29.3 | 40.8 ± 9.9 | 84.1 ± 30.2 | 29.7 ± 5.9 |
| APA (mV) | 105.1 ± 3.8 | 94.7 ± 4.6 | 108.4 ± 5.8 | 82.2 ± 5.7 * |
| AP plateau (mV) | 99.5 ± 4.2 | 86.1 ± 4.8 * | 103.1 ± 4.0 | 72.1 ± 8.5 * |
| APD20 (ms) | 78.1 ± 15.5 | 45.3 ± 5.7 * | 91.5 ± 11.0 | 42.1 ± 8.7 * |
| APD50 (ms) | 124.7 ± 21.9 | 81.5 ± 9.7 | 144.3 ± 17.9 | 79.2 ± 13.7 * |
| APD90 (ms) | 161.7 ± 23.9 | 122.8 ± 13.9 | 181.7 ± 19.6 | 152.4 ± 34.2 |
| Cycle length (ms) | 565 ± 57 | 488 ± 50 | 1392 ± 163 | 2138 ± 502 |
Data are mean ± SEM. CTRL: control cells; RA: retinoic acid-treated cells; n: number of cells; MDP: maximum diastolic potential; Vmax: maximum upstroke velocity; APA: action potential amplitude; AP plateau: AP plateau amplitude; APD20, APD50, and APD90: action potential duration at 20%, 50%, and 90% repolarisation, respectively. * p < 0.05 RA vs. CTRL.