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. 2017 Aug 31;18(9):1887. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091887

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proposed model for the intracellular trafficking of the typhoid toxin. (A) The PltB subunits bind to the host cell surface receptor; (B) Endocytosis of the typhoid toxin; (C) Endosome-mediated delivery of the typhoid toxin to the Golgi complex; (D) Passage of the typhoid toxin through the Golgi complex; (E) Entry of the typhoid toxin into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and release of the CdtB component from the holotoxin (F) Entry of the CdtB subunit into the nucleus and induction of DNA damage [46,47,48].