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. 2017 Sep 9;18(9):1940. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091940

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of CS on nitrite levels and matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) expression in the lung. The mice were exposed to 5, 14 and 30 days of CS or 14 and 30 days of ambient air and their lungs were harvested for detection of (A) the nitrite levels and (B) MMP-12 levels, (C) MMP-12 expression. All statistical analyses were performed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test. The data represent the means ± SEM of 4–10 mice per group. * p < 0.05 compared to control; ^# p < 0.05 compared to 5 days group; ^± p < 0.05 compared to 30 days group.