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. 2017 Sep 16;18(9):1991. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091991

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overall miRNA expression profile following treatment with hydromorphone and/or oxycodone. miRNAs differentially regulated by MOR stimulation are summarized. miRNAs such as the let-7 family miRNAs and miR-339-3p have been reported to repress MOR function, suggesting negative feedback response against MOR stimulation. Functional involvement of the remaining differentially regulated miRNAs in MOR signaling remain to be elucidated. These miRNAs can potentially serve as candidate circulating biomarkers for evaluating MOR stimulation. miR-451a is excluded from the list of down-regulated miRNAs since it does not derive from bona fide miRNA gene. Hy and Ox represent hydromorphone and oxycodone, respectively.