Altered stomatal immunity responses in VaSTS19-expressing Arabidopsis lines and nontransgenic control plants. (A) Open (top and middle panels) and closed (bottom panel) stoma, scale bars = 50 μm; (B) stomatal apertures in epidermal peels of transgenic and nontransgenic lines after 1, 3 h of incubation with MES (2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid) buffer (Control), flg22 (5 μM) or LPS (100 ng/μL), bars represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 60), asterisks indicate statistically significant difference between transgenic lines and nontransgenic control plants (Student’s t test, * 0.01 < p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).