Table 1.
Preclinical models of sepsis and role of MSC.
| Authors/year | Sepsis model | MSC type/combination | Biological effect | Clinical effect | Source ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asano et al. (2015) | TSS SEA + LPS mouse model | A-MSC (1 × 106) | ↓ INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2 = Treg, IL-10 |
↓ 40 h mortality | [25] |
| Kim et al. (2014) | TSS SEB mouse model | hMSC, mMSC (2 × 105) | ↓ TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 | = mortality No difference between hMSC and mMSC |
[26] |
| Ou et al. (2016) | LPS mouse model | A-MSC, BM-MSC | ↓ IL-8 (A-MSC) ↓ proinflammatory cytokines (both types) |
↓ mortality | [27] |
| Pedrazza et al. (2014) | E. coli-induced peritonitis | A-MSC (1 × 106) | ↓ IL-6, MCP-1 ↓ AST, ALT ↓ splenocyte apoptosis |
↓ 26 h mortality | [28] |
| Chao et al. (2014) | CLP-polymicrobial mouse model | BM-MSC UC-MSC (5 × 106) |
↓ IL-6 and TNF-α ↑ CD3+CD4+CD25+ Treg |
↓ 7- and 14-day mortality | [29] |
| Alcayaga-Miranda et al. (2015) | CLP-polymicrobial mouse model | Men-MSC, A-MSC, BM-MSC (2 × 106)/enrofloxacin |
In vitro: ↑ inhibition of bacterial growth (Men-MSC) No difference—Men-MSC versus A-MSC/BM-MSC in the dynamics of cytokines |
Men-MSC + ATB ↓ 96 h mortality |
[30] |
| Wang et al. (2015) | CLP-polymicrobial mouse model | D-MSC (2 × 106) | ↓ IL-1, IL-6 ↑ IL-4, IL-5 IL-10 without significant changes In vitro: inhibition of macrophage apoptosis, increased migration intensity |
↓ 10-day mortality | [31] |
| Liu et al. (2016) | CLP-polymicrobial mouse model | Unspecified (1 × 106) | ↓ NK ↓ TNF-α, IL-6, INF-γ ↑ IL-10 |
↓ 72 h mortality | [35] |
| Sepúlveda et al. (2014) | LPS mouse model | BM-MSC (1 × 105) |
In vitro: no difference between senescent versus immortalised In vivo: no reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels in senescent cells |
Immortalised MSC: ↓ 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h mortality versus senescent type | [36] |
| Wu et al. (2016) | CLP-polymicrobial sepsis | UC-MSC | ↓ TNF-α, MCP-1, IL1, 6 ↑ IL-10 ↓ mRNA MyD88 ↓ phosphorylation NF-κB |
↓ 6 h mortality | [37] |
TSS = toxic shock syndrome; SEA, B = staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; CLP = cecal ligation and puncture; A-MSC = adipose tissue-derived MSC; hMSC = human MSC; mMSC = mouse MSC; Men-MSC = menstrual-derived MSC; BM-MSC = bone marrow-derived MSC; D-MSC = dermal MSC; UC-MSC = umbilical cord MSC.