Table 1. . The key proteins involved in mediation of mitochondrial fusion and fission.

Protein	Function	Localization	Ref.
Fusion proteins:			[8,50,51]
–Mitofusin-1 and -2	GTPase protein, tethers adjacent mitochondria	OMM
–Optic atrophy 1	GTPase protein, mediates fusion of inner mitochondrial	IMM
–Mitochondrial elongation	DRP1-targeting protein, recruits DRP1 to mitochondria but inhibits its function, promoting fusion	OMM
Fission proteins:			[8,42]
–Dynamic-related protein 1	GTPase protein, translocates to the OMM when activated	Mostly cytosol
–Mitochondrial fission 1	DRP1-targeting protein, recruits DRP1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria	OMM
–Mitochondrial fission factor	DRP1-targeting protein, recruits DRP1 during mitochondrial fission	OMM

GTPase: Guanosinetriphosphatase; IMM: The inner membrane; OMM: The outer membrane.