Table 3. . Targeted nanoparticles for colorectal cancer under preclinical development.
| Formulation | Ligand | Target | Cell population | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanosized maghemite particle |
Antibody |
CEA |
High CEA-expressing cell line (LS174T) and a low CEA-expressing cell line (HCT116) |
[105] |
| Dextran- and PEG-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (abf-SPION) |
scFv |
CEA |
LS174T, a CEA-expressing (CEA+ve) cancer cell line and A375M, a CEA-negative (CEA-ve) cancer cell line |
[106] |
| Dye-doped silica nanoparticles conjugated with polyamidoamine dendrimers |
Humanized anti-CEA monocolonal antibody A5B7 |
CEA |
LS174T, LoVo and HCT116 cells and murine xenografts model |
[107] |
| Conatumumab (AMG 655)-coated nanoparticles |
Antibody |
DR5 |
HCT116 cancer cells |
[108] |
| Photosensitizer meso-Tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate chitosan/alginate nanoparticles |
Antibody |
DR5 |
HCT116 cancer cells |
[109] |
| Polymer capsules formed by the LbL technique |
Humanized A33 monoclonal antibody (huA33 mAb) |
A33 antigen |
LIM1215 cells (antigen-expressing) SW480 (nonantigen-expressing) |
[102] |
| Gold and iron oxide HNPs |
scFv |
A33 antigen |
Colorectal cancer cell lines (SW1222 and HT 29 cells) |
[110] |
| Poly(lactide- coglycolide) NP loaded with camptothecin |
Antibody |
Fas receptor (CD95/Apo-1) |
HCT116 cells |
[111] |
| Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with 5-ALA |
Folic acid |
FR |
HT29 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell lines overexpressing folate receptor |
[112] |
| FA-CS conjugates nanoparticles |
Folic acid |
FR |
HT-29 cancer cells |
[113] |
| HPMA-copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates |
Peptide GE11 |
EGFR |
HT29, SW480 and A431 cell lines |
[114] |
| T22-empowered protein-only nanoparticles |
18-mer peptide T22 (T22-GFP-H6) |
CXCR4 |
HeLa cells |
[115] |
| Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating oxaliplatin (L-OHP) |
HA |
HA receptor |
Colon cancer (HT-29) in C57BL mice |
[116] |
| MSN |
Coated with poly-(L-lysine) and HA |
CD44 receptor |
HCT-116 cancer cells |
[117] |
| rHDL nanoparticles loaded with siRNA | Apo A-I | SR-B1 | Model colorectal cancer metastasis in mice (HCT116 cells) | [118] |
5-ALA: 5-aminolaevulinic acid; Apo A-1: Apolipoprotein A-I; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CXCR4: CXC chemokine receptor 4; DR5: Death receptor 5; FA-CS: Folate-chitosan; FR: Folate receptor; HA: Hyaluronic acid; HNP: Hybrid nanoparticle; LbL: layer-by-layer; MSN: Mesoporous silica nanoparticle; NP: Nanoparticle; rHDL: Reconstituted HDL; ScFv: Single-chain Fv antibody fragment; SR-B1: Scavenger receptor type B1.