Table 1.

Clinical, cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging features.

	WD - TS	WD - GCI N=9	WD-WGCI N=11	P*
Age	30.05±7.26	30.11 ±6.55	30 ±8.08	0.941
Sex (male)	11	7	4	0.092
Education (years)	11.15 ±3.73	9.11 ±3.58	12.82 ±3.06	0.031
Motor Symptoms Scale	2.79 ±1.87	3.56 ±1.74	2.1 ±1.79	0.095
Duration of disease (years)	11.75 ±7.79	10.89 ±7.11	12.45 ±8.59±	0.824
Penicillamine use	14	8	6	0.157
MMSE	26.7 ±2.45	25.22 ±2.58	27.91 ±1.57	0.016
M2	9.15 ±0.67	8.78 ±0.667	9.45 ±0.52	0.046
M5	8.5 ±1.39	7.78 ±1.30	9.09 ±1.22	0.056
AF	17.35 ±5.77	13.89 ±5.46	20.18 ±4.44	0.016
Clock drawing	8 ±2.44	7.13 ±2.58	8.64 ±2.24	0.129
FAS	22.4 ±12.40	17.56 ±13.03	26.36 ±10.85	0.046
STROOP (errors)	4.45 ±4.82	6.67 ±6.14	2.64 ±2.46	0.112
FAB	12.95 ±2.85	11.11 ±2.66	14.45 ±2.06	0.007
CERAD naming test	14.2 ±1.54	13.44 ±2.06	14.82 ±0.405	0.112
Cubes (WAIS)	7.80 ±2.87	6.67 ±3.04	8.73 ±2.49	0.080
Hooper	61.10 ±7.75	61.89 ±9.54	60.45 ±6.34	1
WCST	2.25 ±1.37	1.89 ±1.16	2.55 ±1.50	0.456
Pfeffer scale	2.10 ±2.69	3.33 ±2.39	1.09 ±2.58	0.016
MRI Total Score	7.70 ±2.99	9.44 ±2.74	6.27 ±2.45	0.016
MRI hyperintense T2 signal + atrophy	3.55 ±2.32	5.0 ±2.23	2.36 ±1.69	0.016
MRI hyperintense T2 signal - putamen	13	6	7	1.00
MRI hyperintense T2 signal - globus pallidus	7	6	1	0.017
MRI hyperintense T2 signal -thalamus/subthalamus	3	3	0	0.074
MRI hyperintense T2 signal -mesencephalon	8	6	2	0.065
MRI hyperintense T2 signal - pons	9	5	4	0.653
MRI hyperintense T2 signal - cerebellum	5	3	2	0.617
MRI hyperintense T2 signal - subcortical white matter	8	3	5	0.362

MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; M2: memory (learning); M5: memory (delayed recall); AF: animal fluency; FAS: phonemic fluency; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; WCST: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WD: Wilson’s disease; WD-GCI: Wilson’s disease with global cognitive Impairment; WD-WGCI+ Wilson’s disease without global cognitive impairment.

^*WD-GCI × WD WGCI.