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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 28.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Reprod Immunol. 2009 Feb;61(2):121–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00670.x

Fig. 2 — Effects of diaphragm with gel on concentrations of proinflammatory and immunologic markers in cervicovaginal secretions. Box plots representing levels of inflammatory factors (a) and chemokines and SLPI (b) in CVLs of women using diaphragms overnight for 14 days in combination with K-Y (□) (n = 24), AF () (n = 19) or BG () (n = 25) at baseline (prior to diaphragm/gel use) and on day-8 (2–4 hrs after diaphragm/gel removal) and day-16 (24 hrs after diaphragm/gel removal). For each box, the horizontal lines, from bottom to top, represent the 25th, 50th (median) and 75th percentiles; the whiskers delineate the 10th and 90th percentiles; and the filled circles identify outlying values. Significant pair-wise comparisons represent results of post hoc analysis (Scheffé's F-tests) following significant anova (F-test). Concentrations of MIP-1α, TNF-α and RANTES (data not shown) were consistently low and did not differ between time points or treatment groups. In Fig. 2a, significant reductions in IL-1α (P < 0.01), IL-1β (P < 0.01) and granulocyte elastase (P < 0.05) concentrations were observed in Day-8 CVLs compared with Baseline. Levels of IL-1α were significantly lower in Day-8 CVLs when compared with Day-16 (P < 0.05), and levels of granulocyte elastase were significantly lower in Day-16 CVLs when compared with Baseline (P < 0.05). All data were pooled across treatment groups. In Fig. 2b, levels of IL-8 were lowest in Day-8 CVLs from the BG treatment group, and concentrations of SLPI were significantly lower in both Day-8 (P < 0.0001) and Day-16 (P < 0.01) CVLs from the BG treatment group when compared with Baseline. Although there was a statistically significant interaction for MIP-1β, 84% of the MIP-1β values were below the detection limit, and the measured values were low, indicating that this effect is probably biologically insignificant (data not shown).

Inline graphic — Effects of diaphragm with gel on concentrations of proinflammatory and immunologic markers in cervicovaginal secretions. Box plots representing levels of inflammatory factors (a) and chemokines and SLPI (b) in CVLs of women using diaphragms overnight for 14 days in combination with K-Y (□) (n = 24), AF () (n = 19) or BG () (n = 25) at baseline (prior to diaphragm/gel use) and on day-8 (2–4 hrs after diaphragm/gel removal) and day-16 (24 hrs after diaphragm/gel removal). For each box, the horizontal lines, from bottom to top, represent the 25th, 50th (median) and 75th percentiles; the whiskers delineate the 10th and 90th percentiles; and the filled circles identify outlying values. Significant pair-wise comparisons represent results of post hoc analysis (Scheffé's F-tests) following significant anova (F-test). Concentrations of MIP-1α, TNF-α and RANTES (data not shown) were consistently low and did not differ between time points or treatment groups. In Fig. 2a, significant reductions in IL-1α (P < 0.01), IL-1β (P < 0.01) and granulocyte elastase (P < 0.05) concentrations were observed in Day-8 CVLs compared with Baseline. Levels of IL-1α were significantly lower in Day-8 CVLs when compared with Day-16 (P < 0.05), and levels of granulocyte elastase were significantly lower in Day-16 CVLs when compared with Baseline (P < 0.05). All data were pooled across treatment groups. In Fig. 2b, levels of IL-8 were lowest in Day-8 CVLs from the BG treatment group, and concentrations of SLPI were significantly lower in both Day-8 (P < 0.0001) and Day-16 (P < 0.01) CVLs from the BG treatment group when compared with Baseline. Although there was a statistically significant interaction for MIP-1β, 84% of the MIP-1β values were below the detection limit, and the measured values were low, indicating that this effect is probably biologically insignificant (data not shown).