Table 4. Dissolved nutrients in the fish (RAS A, C, D) and hydroponic units (Hydro C, Hydro D) of a conventional aquaculture reference (A), a coupled (C) and a decoupled (D) aquaponic system, assessed over the experimental period of 154 days (07.04–07.09.2015).
Nutrients in RAS C correspond to the nutrients in Hydro C, since both are arranged as coupled aquaponic system.
| RAS / Hydro | sampling intervals | NO3--N[mgL-1] | NO2--N[mgL-1] | NH4+-N[mgL-1] | PO43-[mgL-1] | K+[mgL-1] | Ca2+[mgL-1] | Mg2+[mgL-1] | SO42-[mgL-1] | Cl- [mgL-1] | Fe2+[mgL-1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 07.04.-06.05.15 | 15.7 ± (4.7) | 0.09 ± (0.08) | 0.12 ± (0.06) | 14.8 ± (0.9) | 22.0 ± (1.4) | 123.4 ± (0.8) | 14.1 ± (0.0) | 165 ± (35.4) | 36.5 ± (7.1) | 0.01 ± (0.00) |
| 07.05.-08.06.15 | 27.6 ± (3.6) | 0.07 ± (0.03) | 0.09 ± (0.04) | 10.4 ± (2.2) | 21.6 ± (1.8) | 130.6 ± (6.0) | 21 ± (7.7) | 178.8 ± (2.5) | 30.3 ± (5.9) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 09.06.-09.07.15 | 30.4 ± (10.9) | 0.06 ± (0.02) | 0.16 ± (0.16) | 6.7 ± (1.1) | 19.3 ± (4.8) | 134.1 ± (5.8) | 17.7 ± (3.0) | 161.3 ± (6.3) | 29.0 ± (2.3) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 10.07.-06.08.15 | 52.3 ± (4.8) | 0.04 ± (0.01) | 0.08 ± (0.01) | 6.4 ± (0.9) | 18.7 ± (2.1) | 136.8 ± (5.4) | 16.3 ± (0.9) | 168.8 ± (2.5) | 30.6 ± (1.8) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 07.08.-07.09.15 | 65.9 ± (6.1) | 0.04 ± (0.01) | 0.07 ± (0.04) | 5.6 ± (0.8) | 17.0 ± (1.4) | 141.1 ± (10.8) | 16.2 ± (1.2) | 160 ± (5.0) | 38.2 ± (5.8) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| C Hydro C | 07.04.-06.05.15 | 19.8 ± (6.2) | 0.05 ± (0.00) | 0.06 ± (0.01) | 17.1 ± (0.4) | 27.8 ± (3.9) | 119.8 ± (0.8) | 13.8 ± (0.7) | 175 ± (35.4) | 39.8 ± (7.4) | 0.01 ± (0.01) |
| 07.05.-08.06.15 | 36.2 ± (14.9) | 0.08 ± (0.03) | 0.04 ± (0.01) | 12.8 ± (2.0) | 28.0 ± (2.6) | 138.5 ± (11.6) | 21.9 ± (7.6) | 197.5 ± (2.9) | 31.0 ± (6.1) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 09.06.-09.07.15 | 59.2 ± (14.0) | 0.07 ± (0.02) | 0.15 ± (0.12) | 9.8 ± (0.7) | 40.8 ± (10.6) | 148.5 ± (5.3) | 19.4 ± (1.8) | 191.3 ± (8.5) | 34.6 ± (3.6) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 10.07.-06.08.15 | 65.3 ± (11.5) | 0.05 ± (0.01) | 0.06 ± (0.01) | 8.3 ± (1.6) | 38.7 ± (19.4) | 144.8 ± (7.3) | 19.3 ± (1.8) | 195 ± (7.1) | 39.1 ± (2.3) | 0.02 ± (0.01) | |
| 07.08.-07.09.15 | 72.8 ± (19.9) | 0.05 ± (0.02) | 0.06 ± (0.02) | 6.3 ± (0.9) | 27.3 ± (4.0) | 149.2 ± (2.8) | 20.4 ± (1.3) | 190 ± (18.0) | 46.5 ± (7.5) | 0.02 ± (0.02) | |
| D | 07.04.-06.05.15 | 17.5 ± (7.4) | 0.02 ± (0.01) | 0.03 ± (0.01) | 16.9 ± (3.8) | 22.0 ± (3.5) | 125.2 ± (1.1) | 14.9 ± (0.5) | 157.5 ± (10.6) | 38 ± (10.6) | 0.01 ± (0.00) |
| 07.05.-08.06.15 | 27.1 ± (7.0) | 0.06 ± (0.01) | 0.05 ± (0.02) | 14.2 ± (0.9) | 25.4 ± (2.9) | 140.2 ± (8.6) | 22.9 ± (8.2) | 173.8 ± (6.3) | 29.7 ± (6.5) | 0.01 ± (0.00) | |
| 09.06.-09.07.15 | 50.4 ± (9.6) | 0.06 ± (0.02) | 0.12 ± (0.19) | 13.4 ± (0.9) | 40.0 ± (10.1) | 152.0 ± (4.4) | 19.7 ± (1.2) | 186.3 ± (9.5) | 33.8 ± (3.0) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 10.07.-06.08.15 | 77.6 ± (6.5) | 0.05 ± (0.02) | 0.06 ± (0.01) | 11.9 ± (1.1) | 41.7 ± (20.8) | 149.0 ± (2.5) | 23.4 ± (7.3) | 193.8 ± (8.5) | 38.5 ± (1.3) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| 07.08.-07.09.15 | 100.8 ± (10.8) | 0.05 ± (0.02) | 0.05 ± (0.02) | 9.6 ± (1.2) | 29.8 ± (2.9) | 149.3 ± (6.3) | 19.7 ± (0.9) | 183.3 ± (10.4) | 33.7 ± (8.9) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | |
| Hydro D | 07.04.-06.05.15 | 98.8 ± (23.7) | 0.07 ± (0.08) | 3.60 ± (0.28) | 29.1 ± (6.8) | 207.5 ± (3.5) | 556.0 ± (90.5) | 49.5 ± (10.6) | 295 ± (49.5) | 46.0 ± (9.9) | 0.01 ± (0.00) |
| 07.05.-08.06.15 | 136.9 ± (58.4) | 0.02 ± (0.02) | 2.25 ± (3.03) | 26.1 ± (8.5) | 41.8 ± (30.5) | 362.8 ± (61.9) | 36.4 ± (9.9) | 515 ± (256.8) | 36.5 ± (9.3) | 0.11 ± (0.14) | |
| 09.06.-09.07.15 | 175.0 ± (38.7) | 0.01 ± (0.01) | 0.64 ± (0.67) | 12.9 ± (1.9) | 50.0 ± (41.4) | 558.5 ± (137.4) | 57.3 ± (27.2) | 660 ± (468.5) | 76.6 ± (43.3) | 0.05 ± (0.03) | |
| 10.07.-06.08.15 | 207.5 ± (70.1) | 0.01 ± (0.00) | 0.08 ± (0.05) | 7.2 ± (2.9) | 24.0 ± (25.6) | 442.8 ± (43.4) | 56.3 ± (21.9) | 470 ± (194.9) | 69.1 ± (15.1) | 0.12 ± (0.08) | |
| 07.08.-07.09.15 | 174.5 ± (38.5) | 0.00 ± (0.02) | 0.02 ± (0.01) | 6.7 ± (1.7) | 4.2 ± (4.4) | 482.0 ± (147.8) | 50.1 ± (16.9) | 373.3 ± (50.3) | 89.7 ± (23.8) | 0.10 ± (0.04) |