Table 1. Principal characteristics of 1044 community dwelling older individuals enrolled into the INCHIANTI study according to combined levels of LDL-C and HDL-C (LDL-C cut off: 130 mg/dl; HDL-C cut off: 40 mg/dl males, 50 mg/dl females).
| GROUP 1 (n = 470) | GROUP 2 (n = 117) | GROUP 3 (n = 331) | GROUP 4 (n = 126) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High LDL-C | High LDL-C | Optimal/near optimal LDL-C | Optimal/near optimal LDL-C | ||
| Normal HDL-C | Low HDL-C | Normal HDL-C | Low HDL-C | ||
| Male gender | 213 (44.8) | 22 (19.1)° | 170 (51.6)* | 52 (41.9)* | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 73.7±6.9 | 75.3±6.7 | 75.8±7.6° | 77.5±8.5° | <0.001 |
| School (years) | 5.8±3.6 | 4.7±2.8° | 5.1±3.2° | 4.6±2.8° | <0.001 |
| MMSE | 26 [24; 28] | 25 [23; 28] | 26 [23;28] | 24 [21;27]°^ | <0.001 |
| Disability in BADLs | 22 (4.6) | 12 (10.4) | 34 (10.3)° | 23 (18.6)° | <0.001 |
| Smoking habit | |||||
| - Never | 270 (56.8) | 85 (73.9) | 185 (56.2) | 76 (62.9) | 0.011 |
| - Previous | 135 (28.4) | 15 (13.0) | 101 (30.7) | 31 (25.0) | |
| - Present | 70 (14.8) | 15 (13.1) | 43 (13.1) | 15 (12.1) | |
| 9-year Total Mortality (n/%) | 118 (25.1) | 39 (33.3) | 130 (39.2)° | 63 (50)°* | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (n/%) | 288 (60.6) | 87 (75.7)° | 186 (56.5)* | 79 (63.7) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes (n/%) | 50 (10.5) | 16 (13.9) | 42 (12.8) | 26 (21.0)° | 0.021 |
| CHD (n/%) | 37 (7.8) | 6 (5.2) | 23 (7.0) | 14 (11.3) | 0.321 |
| Stroke (n/%) | 27 (5.7) | 10 (8.7) | 13 (4.0) | 8 (6.5) | 0.264 |
| CHF (n/%) | 15 (3.2) | 7 (6.1) | 19 (5.8) | 17 (13.7)° | <0.001 |
| Cancer (n/%) | 22 (4.6) | 12 (10.4) | 20 (6.1) | 9 (7.3) | 0.117 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27±3.7 | 29±4.8° | 27±4.0* | 28±4.5^ | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 13.9±1.3 | 13.5±1.3° | 13.7±1.5 | 13.3±1.6° | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.93±0.19 | 0.88±0.39 | 0.93±0.18° | 1.00±0.34*^ | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.0±1.3 | 5.3±1.3 | 5.1±1.4 | 6.0±2.1°*^ | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 5.9±3.1 | 5.8±3.8 | 5.9±3.7 | 5.7±4.6°^ | 0.009 |
| Tot. Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 245±29.8 | 232±27.1° | 188±22.8°* | 176 ±30°*^ | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 113 | 155 | 87 | 142 | <0.001 |
| [89; 145] | [124;199]° | [70; 116]°* | [101;212] °^ | ||
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 160±24 | 156±21 | 107±18°* | 103±20°* | <0.01 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 59±12 | 42±5° | 62±15* | 38±7°*^ | <0.01 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C ratio | 2.79±0.63 | 3.80±0.80° | 1.8±0.50°* | 2.76±0.64*^ | <0.01 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 88 [82; 98] | 90 [82; 103] | 88 [80; 99] | 90 [82; 107] | 0.169 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.82 | 3.5 | 2.22 | 4.18 | <0.001 |
| [1.32; 5.49] | [1.54; 8.23]° | [1.10; 4.56]* | [1.94; 9.10]°^ | ||
| Interleukin-6 (ng/ml) | 1.37 | 1.54 | 1.39 | 2.02° | <0.001 |
| [0.38; 1.37] | [0.74.; 1.34] | [0.84; 2.13] | [1.29; 3.85] | ||
| Hypolipemic drugs | 20 (4.2) | 5 (4.3) | 15 (4.5) | 7 (5.6) | 0.937 |
° VS 1 all p < 0.007;
* VS 2 all p < 0.001;
^ VS 3 all p < 0.005