Table 1.
Estimated Population Characteristics Overall and by Hispanic/Latino Group (age adjusted).
| Estimate (95% Confidence Interval) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Total Population N=14636 |
Mexican n=5830 |
Cuban n=2181 |
Puerto Rican n=2379 |
Dominican n=1271 |
Central American n=1567 |
South American n=972 |
Other n=436 | P value |
| Age (year) | 41.2 (40.7–41.7) | 38.7 (38.039.4) | 46.5 (45.447.6) | 43.1 (42.144.2) | 39.9 (38.441.3) | 39.7 (38.7–40.7) | 42.2 (40.6–43.7) | 34.5 (32.836.2) | <0.001 |
| Sex (% Female) | 52.9 (51.8–54.1) | 54.8 (52.856.8) | 47.2 (45.049.4) | 49.8 (46.952.6) | 61.4 (57.465.3) | 54.0 (50.8–57.3) | 55.2 (51.4–59.1) | 53.0 (45.560.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 30 (%) | 39.3 (38.0–40.7) | 39.6 (36.942.2) | 35.7 (33.238.2) | 45.5 (42.548.5) | 41.5 (37.445.6) | 37.3 (34.5–40.1) | 30.0 (26.0–33.9) | 42.7 (36.249.2) | <0.001 |
| Education, % | |||||||||
| Some H.S. | 32.1 (30.6–33.6) | 37.4 (34.640.1) | 18.7 (16.620.9) | 36.2 (32.739.6) | 37.6 (34.141.1) | 39.2 (35.7–42.6) | 21.3 (17.6–24.9) | 24.2 (17.930.5) | <0.001 |
| H.S. graduate | 28.1 (27.0–29.2) | 28.3 (26.530.2) | 33.0 (30.235.9) | 27.9 (25.530.4) | 22.7 (18.826.6) | 25.0 (22.1–27.9) | 28.3 (24.5–32.1) | 19.7 (11.927.4) | <0.001 |
| > H.S. | 39.8 (38.1–41.5) | 34.3 (31.037.6) | 48.2 (45.351.2) | 35.9 (32.839.0) | 39.7 (36.243.3) | 35.8 (32.5–39.2) | 50.4 (46.1–54.7) | 56.1 (48.363.9) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol % | |||||||||
| Never | 18.8 (17.4–20.2) | 13.7 (12.115.2) | 33.2 (30.536.0) | 11.8 (10.0–13.7) | 10.5 (8.612.4) | 29.9 (26.7–33.1) | 20.5 (16.5–24.5) | 14.8 (10.019.6) | <0.001 |
| Former | 29.9 (28.6–31.3) | 34.0 (31.836.1) | 17.0 (14.919.1) | 37.4 (34.839.9) | 34.9 (30.739.0) | 27.5 (24.6–30.4) | 28.4 (24.6–32.2) | 26.5 (19.933.1) | <0.001 |
| Current | 51.3 (49.7–52.8) | 52.4 (49.655.1) | 49.8 (46.752.8) | 50.8 (48.153.5) | 54.6 (50.558.8) | 42.6 (39.4–45.8) | 51.0 (46.6–55.5) | 58.7 (51.466.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status % | |||||||||
| Never | 63.1 (61.8–64.4) | 65.6 (63.367.9) | 57.5 (54.560.4) | 52.3 (49.355.3) | 76.6 (73.180.2) | 72.2 (69.1–75.3) | 66.8 (62.3–71.2) | 56.7 (49.164.3) | <0.001 |
| Former | 16.4 (15.5–17.2) | 18.2 (16.619.8) | 15.3 (13.617.0) | 14.9 (12.917.0) | 12.0 (10.014.0) | 14.4 (12.3–16.5) | 20.3 (17.1–23.4) | 19.5 (14.524.5) | <0.001 |
| Current | 20.5 (19.3–21.7) | 16.2 (14.518.0) | 27.2 (24.530.0) | 32.8 (30.135.5) | 11.4 (8.014.7) | 13.4 (10.9–15.8) | 13.0 (9.8–16.1) | 23.8 (17.330.4) | <0.001 |
| Pack years (>10%) | 14.4 (13.5–15.3) | 8.5 (7.5–9.4) | 25.2 (23.027.5) | 21.6 (19.423.7) | 9.0 (7.5–10.5) | 9.2 (7.8–10.7) | 9.9 (7.6–12.1) | 14.5 (11.217.7) | <0.001 |
| Statin Medication (%) | 7.8 (7.2–8.3) | 7.3 (6.5–8.2) | 5.5 (4.3–6.8) | 11.6 (10.3–13.0) | 9.9 (8.5–11.4) | 5.6 (4.6–6.6) | 5.7 (4.2–7.2) | 9.9 (5.7–14.1) | <0.001 |
| Non-statin cholesterol medications (%) | 10.5 (9.9–11.1) | 10.0 (9.011.0) | 8.6 (7.2–10.0) | 14.5 (12.916.1) | 13.1 (11.214.9) | 7.9 (6.8–9.1) | 7.8 (5.9–9.7) | 12.2 (8.116.3) | <0.001 |
| Born in US | 22.2 (20.7–23.6) | 20.5 (18.522.6) | 12.3 (9.914.6) | 51.0 (48.353.8) | 14.1 (10.717.6) | 5.6 (3.1–8.1) | 6.6 (4.4–8.9) | 48.2 (41.454.9) | <0.001 |
| Age at immigration % | |||||||||
| Age 0–15 | 14.0 (13.2–14.9) | 13.2 (11.914.6) | 11.0 (9.612.5) | 22.6 (20.025.1) | 15.6 (12.918.4) | 10.5 (8.1–12.9) | 12.5 (9.4–15.7) | 9.8 (3.0–16.7) | <0.001 |
| Age >15 | 63.8 (62.1–65.5) | 66.2 (64.068.4) | 76.7 (74.079.4) | 26.4 (23.429.3) | 70.3 (66.274.3) | 83.9 (80.6–87.1) | 80.9 (77.6–84.1) | 42.0 (36.547.5) | <0.001 |
| Income | |||||||||
| <$20,000 | 41.7 (39.9–43.4) | 37.5 (34.340.6) | 44.3 (41.547.2) | 44.3 (40.748.0) | 50.0 (45.454.7) | 46.7 (42.6–50.8) | 39.7 (35.5–43.9) | 30.5 (24.736.3) | <0.001 |
| $20,000–50,000 | 37.1 (35.7–38.5) | 42.4 (40.244.6) | 31.8 (29.034.6) | 32.0 (28.735.4) | 33.7 (29.837.7) | 34.1 (30.4–37.8) | 41.2 (37.1–45.4) | 42.5 (35.149.9) | <0.001 |
| >50,000 | 12.0 (10.3–13.6) | 14.9 (12.017.9) | 7.6 (5.7–9.6) | 14.2 (11.8–16.7) | 7.2 (5.0–9.5) | 7.0 (4.9–9.0) | 10.9 (8.2–13.5) | 19.3 (13.125.5) | <0.001 |
| Others | |||||||||
| Not reported | 9.3 (8.5–10.1) | 5.2 (4.4–6.0) | 16.2 (14.018.4) | 9.4 (7.8–10.9) | 9.0 (7.0–11.0) | 12.3 (10.2–14.4) | 8.2 (5.9–10.6) | 7.7 (4.3–11.1) | <0.001 |
| Health insurance (yes/ no) (%) | 50.2 (48.3–52.0) | 43.4 (40.646.1) | 39.4 (36.342.6) | 77.6 (74.880.3) | 71.7 (67.775.7) | 32.5 (28.4–36.6) | 40.8 (36.3–45.4) | 60.2 (52.767.7) | <0.001 |
| Years in US, 10 or more (%) | 71.5 (69.6–73.4) | 76.7 (74.479.0) | 48.1 (44.651.6) | 92.1 (90.294.0) | 76.0 (72.079.9) | 63.2 (59.2–67.3) | 57.8 (53.1–62.5) | 88.7 (83.693.8) | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 193.6 (192.6194.6) | 195.1 (193.5196.8) | 196.2 (194.1198.3) | 184.8 (182.5187.0) | 189.4 (186.6192.3) | 200 (197.2–202.8) | 198 (195.1200.8) | 192.1 (186.6197.7) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.8 (48.5–49.2) | 48.8 (48.249.3) | 48.0 (47.448.6) | 48.3 (47.449.2) | 50.5 (49.551.5) | 48.7 (47.9–49.6) | 50.0 (49.0–51.0) | 50.8 (49.052.6) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 120 (119.1–120.9) | 120.4 (119.0121.8) | 123.1 (121.2124.9) | 113.4 (111.3115.4) | 118.1 (115.5120.8) | 124.4 (121.8126.9) | 122.8 (120.4125.3) | 117.4 (112.3122.4) | <0.001 |
| TGs, mg/dL | 124.1 (122.4125.7) | 129.7 (126.7132.8) | 126 (122.8129.3) | 115.3 (112.2118.5) | 103.9 (100.2107.5) | 134.6 (130.4138.8) | 125.6 (120.5130.7) | 119.8 (111.9127.7) | <0.001 |
| Oral corticosteroids (%) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) | 2.7 (1.9–3.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 0.8 (0.2–1.4) | 1.6 (0.1–3.1) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 29.3 (28.3–30.2) | 30.5 (28.932.1) | 28.9 (26.831.1) | 27.3 (25.129.5) | 25.7 (22.728.7) | 33.5 (30.7–36.3) | 29.4 (25.9–32.9) | 27.6 (22.532.8) | 0.001 |
| Current asthma (%) | 7.4 (6.7–8.0) | 3.3 (2.6–4.0) | 7.2 (5.8–8.5) | 20.7 (18.522.8) | 7.6 (5.9–9.3) | 3.5 (2.5–4.5) | 3.4 (2.0–4.7) | 7.5 (4.7–10.4) | <0.001 |
| Current COPD** (%) (n=14012) | 3.6 (3.2–4.0) | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 5.1 (4.1–6.1) | 5.7 (4.5–7.0) | 2.9 (1.7–4.1) | 2.4 (1.6–3.1) | 2.3(1.1–3.4) | 3.0 (1.8–4.2) | <0.001 |
TC: Total Cholesterol; HDL-C: High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-C: Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TGs: Triglycerides; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
*
: Values were weighted for survey design and nonresponse and adjusted for age (except for mean ages by Hispanic/Latino group).
**
Missing COPD data was accounted for using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting. Comparisons across Hispanic/Latino heritage groups were performed using the overall Wald test.