Table 2.
Descriptive Characteristics for All Participants and by Obstructive Airway Disease (age-adjusted).
| Estimate (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Total Population (N=14012) | No Asthma or COPD | Asthma Only | COPD only | Asthma and COPD | P-value |
| Age (year) | 41.1 (40.6–41.6) | 40.5 (40.0–41.0) | 40.3 (39.0–41.7) | 57.7 (55.6–59.7) | 54.6 (51.7–57.5) | <0.001 |
| Sex (% Female) | 53.0 (51.7–54.3) | 52.4 (51.1–53.7) | 72.5 (68.2–76.7) | 24.6 (18.8–30.5) | 54.4 (43.5–65.3) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.3 (29.2–29.5) | 29.2(29.0–29.3) | 32.8(32.0–33.5) | 26.7(26.0–27.5) | 29.7(28.3–31.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 30 (%) | 39.4 (38.0–40.7) | 38.4(37.1–39.8) | 57.4(53.1–61.7) | 24.2(16.8–31.7) | 42.3(31.6–53.0) | <0.001 |
| Education (%) | ||||||
| Some H.S. | 32.4 (30.9–33.9) | 31.7(30.1–33.3) | 38.1(33.4–42.8) | 39.5(32.6–46.5) | 39.1(27.6–50.5) | <0.01 |
| H.S. graduate | 28.1 (27.0–29.3) | 28.4(27.2–29.5) | 27.6(23.5–31.8) | 21.8(16.8–26.7) | 28.2(18.3–38.2) | >0.05 |
| >H.S | 39.5 (37.7–41.2) | 39.9(38.2–41.7) | 34.3(29.7–38.8) | 38.7(31.3–46.1) | 32.7(21.5–43.9) | <0.05 |
| Alcohol (%) | ||||||
| Never | 18.8 (17.4–20.3) | 18.9 (17.4–20.3) | 20.4 (16.5–24.2) | 12.5 (7.5–17.5) | 20.5 (12.8–28.3) | <0.05 |
| Former | 29.9 (28.5–31.3) | 29.3 (27.9–30.7) | 38.2 (33.7–42.7) | 26.4 (19.8–32.9) | 37.6 (25.9–49.3) | <0.001 |
| Current | 51.3 (49.7–52.9) | 51.8 (50.2–53.5) | 41.5 (37.0–46.0) | 61.2 (54.1–68.2) | 41.9 (31.7–52.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||
| Never | 62.9 (61.6–64.3) | 64.3 (62.9–65.7) | 56.3 (52.2–60.5) | 35.3 (28.0–42.5) | 52.5 (41.4–63.6) | <0.001 |
| Former | 16.4 (15.5–17.2) | 16.2 (15.3–17.1) | 18.1 (14.0–22.2) | 19.4 (13.5–25.3) | 14.6 (5.9–23.2) | >0.05 |
| Current | 20.7 (19.5–21.9) | 19.5 (18.2–20.8) | 25.6 (21.8–29.3) | 45.3 (38.8–51.9) | 33.0 (24.9–41.0) | <0.001 |
| Pack years, above 10, % | 14.3 (13.4–15.3) | 13.0 (12.1–13.9) | 17.9 (14.9–20.8) | 46.2 (39.2–53.1) | 32.2 (21.7–42.7) | <0.001 |
| Statin Medication (%) | 7.9 (7.3–8.5) | 7.6 (7.0–8.3) | 13.1 (10.8–15.5) | 3.7 (−1.2–8.6) | 10.7 (2.5–18.8) | <0.001 |
| Non-statin cholesterol medications (%) | 10.7 (10.0–11.3) | 10.2 (9.5–10.9) | 18.5 (15.7–21.3) | 5.7 (0.8–10.7) | 11.9 (2.5–21.3) | <0.001 |
| Born in US | 22.4 (20.9–23.9) | 20.9 (19.4–22.4) | 39.7 (35.4–44.1) | 28.5 (22.9–34.2) | 30.5 (23.9–37.2) | <0.001 |
| Age at immigration (%) | ||||||
| Age (0–15) | 13.9 (13.0–14.8) | 13.6 (12.6–14.6) | 16.0 (12.9–19.1) | 12.9 (10.0–15.9) | 27.3 (17.1–37.6) | <0.05 |
| Age (>15) | 63.7 (62.0–65.5) | 65.5 (63.8–67.3) | 44.3 (40.5–48.1) | 58.5 (52.6–64.4) | 42.1 (30.7–53.6) | <0.001 |
| Health insurance (yes/no) (%) | 50.6 (48.7–52.5) | 48.8 (46.9–50.7) | 72.7 (68.5–77.0) | 51.0 (43.3–58.7) | 67.5 (57.5–77.4) | <0.001 |
| Years in US, 10 or more (%) | 71.5 (69.6–73.5) | 70.7 (68.7–72.7) | 83.7 (80.1–87.3) | 68.8 (62.4–75.2) | 74.7 (65.5–84.0) | <0.001 |
| Income | ||||||
| <20,000 | 41.3 (39.5–43.1) | 40.1(38.3–42.0) | 55.6 (50.9–60.2) | 42.8 (35.0–50.6) | 52.1 (41.7–62.5) | <0.001 |
| 20,000–50,000 | 37.0 (35.6–38.4) | 38.4 (36.9–39.8) | 22.2 (18.5–25.9) | 31.5 (26.2–36.9) | 23.9 (15.7–32.1) | <0.001 |
| >50,000 | 11.9 (10.3–13.5) | 12.2 (10.5–13.8) | 9.0 (6.5–11.6) | 11.7 (5.5–17.8) | 8.7 (0.7–16.7) | >0.05 |
| Not reported | 9.7 (8.9–10.6) | 9.3 (8.4–10.2) | 13.2 (10.2–16.2) | 14.0 (9.1–18.9) | 15.3 (6.8–23.8) | <0.01 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 193.4 (192.3–194.4) | 194.1 (193.0–195.3) | 187.1 (183.8–190.4) | 188.3 (180.8–195.8) | 177.9 (170.0–185.8) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 48.8 (48.5–49.2) | 48.9(48.5–49.2) | 48.7(47.6–49.9) | 47.8(46.1–49.6) | 49.8(46.9–52.8) | >0.05 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 119.8 (118.8–120.7) | 120.4 (119.4–121.4) | 114.3 (111.5–117.2) | 117.6 (111.3–123.8) | 107.5 (100.6–114.3) | <0.001 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 123.7 (122.0–125.3) | 124.4 (122.7–126.2) | 120.3 (114.8–125.7) | 114.4 (106.6–122.2) | 103.1 (91.2–115.1) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 29.2 (28.3–30.2) | 29.6 (28.5–30.7) | 29.4 (26.0–32.8) | 19.8 (13.7–25.9) | 19.4 (8.8–30.0) | <0.01 |
| Oral corticosteroids (%) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 8.8 (6.2–11.3) | 1.5 (−0.3–3.4) | 12.0 (6.0–18.0) | <0.001 |
| Use of Asthma medications (%) | 6.4 (5.7–7.0) | 0 | 83.0 (79.4–86.6) | 0 | 94.1 (90.0–98.3) | <0.001 |
| Use of COPD medications (%) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 14.7 (12.0–17.3) | 2.3 (0.3–4.4) | 31.8 (22.3–41.3) | <0.001 |
| Atopy (%) | 12.9 (12.0–13.8) | 11.4 (10.4–12.3) | 32.0 (27.7–36.3) | 7.7 (3.3–12.2) | 37.0 (25.8–48.1) | <0.001 |
*
Values were weighted for survey design and nonresponse and adjusted for age (except for mean ages by Hispanic/Latino group. Missing COPD data was accounted for using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting.
Comparisons across obstructive airway disease groups were performed using the overall Wald test.