Table 1.
Basic information on variables included in the Cox Proportional Hazards model
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
| Matching variables | |
| Residence | Residence of the household (urban/rural) |
| Household wealth | Above or below median principal component score for household assets |
| Education level | Mother's educational level: secondary+, primary or none |
| Malaria transmission risk | Malaria transmission risk based on MAP 2010 PfPR2–10, categorized as < 40% and 40%+ |
| DPT3 Immunization status | Above or below the median PSU-level coverage of three doses of DPT in children 12–23 months of age. |
| Other variables controlled for in the model | |
| Household wealth | Survey-specific quintile of household wealth based on household assets (1–5) |
| Child age category | In months: 1–5, 6–11, 12–23, 24–35, 36–47, 48–59 |
| Mother’s age category | In years: 15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49 |
| Parity | Number of births (continuous) |
| DPT3 Immunization coverage | PSU-level coverage of 3 doses of DPT in children 12–23 months of age (continuous) |
| Diarrhea prevalence | PSU-level diarrhea prevalence in children less than 5 years of age in the 2 weeks before survey (continuous) |
| Season | High transmission season (December–May) for each month of observation |
| Malaria transmission risk | Malaria transmission risk based on MAP 2010 PfPR2–10, categorized as < 40% and 40%+ |
| Rainfall (lagged 2 months) | PSU-level monthly rainfall from FEWS |
| Minimum temperature (lagged 2 months) | PSU-level monthly minimum temperature from MODIS |
| Skilled birth attendance | PSU-level skilled birth attendance rate |
| Water source | Household water source: improved or nonimproved |
| Malaria control intervention variable | |
| Monthly ITN ownership | Household owns at least one ITN by month. Constructed using data on ownership of nets, type of net, treatment of net and duration of ownership (monthly up to 36 months before the survey). |
FEWS = Famine Early Warning System; MAP = Malaria Atlas Project; MODIS = Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; PfPR2–10 = Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate in children age 2–10 years.