Table 5.
Distribution of variables: mean, minimum and maximum district-level values by year
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Trend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (Minimum, Max) | Mean | (Minimum, Maximum) | Mean | (Minimum, Maximum) | Mean | (Minimum, Maximum) | Mean | (Minimum, Maximum) | ||
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||||||||
| Urban residence (%) | 9.5 | (0, 58.6) | 9.5 | (0, 58.6) | 9.8 | (0.3, 63.5) | 9.8 | (0.3, 63.5) | 10.2 | (0.8, 70.0) | ↑ |
| Household wealth (1–5) | 2.8 | (1.8, 4.2) | 2.8 | (1.8, 4.2) | 2.8 | (2.1, 4.1) | 2.8 | (2.1, 4.1) | 2.9 | (2.2, 4.1) | ↑ |
| Mother primary education (%) | 77.1 | (49.4, 97.7) | 77.1 | (49.4, 97.7) | 80.5 | (58.1, 98.3) | 80.5 | (58.1, 98.3) | 83.9 | (61.4, 98.9) | ↑ |
| Improved water source (%) | 75.6 | (57.5, 88.7) | 75.6 | (57.5, 88.7) | 77.9 | (63.0, 87.8) | 77.9 | (63.0, 87.8) | 81.1 | (63.9, 92.4) | ↑ |
| Improved sanitation facilities (%) | 1.3 | (0, 10.1) | 1.3 | (0, 10.1) | 2.2 | (0.2, 7.2) | 2.2 | (0.2,7.2) | 3.1 | (0.3, 10.9) | ↑ |
| Malaria transmission risk (%) | 41.1 | (26.9, 55.9) | 41.1 | (26.9, 55.9) | 41.1 | (26.9, 55.9) | 41.1 | (26.9, 55.9) | 41.1 | (26.9, 55.9) | — |
| Rainfall anomaly | 72.2 | (−7.7, 249.5) | 115.0 | (−57.4, 275.3) | −86.0 | (−149.8, 16.3) | −10.7 | (−105.4, 142.3) | −3.6 | (−160.8, 151.7) | — |
| Maternal and child health intervertion variables | |||||||||||
| Tetanus immunization 2+ (%) | 67.9 | (50.8, 85.3) | 67.9 | (50.8, 85.3) | 65.0 | (49.3, 76.8) | 65.0 | (49.3, 76.8) | 61.2 | (38.1, 77.3) | ↓ |
| Assisted delivery (%) | 54.8 | (41.4, 78.5) | 54.8 | (41.4, 78.5) | 66.3 | (55.2, 85.9) | 66.3 | (55.2, 85.9) | 77.8 | (63.3, 92.7) | ↑ |
| Antenatal care 4+ (%) | 50.3 | (26.0, 67.1) | 50.3 | (26.0, 67.1) | 45.3 | (30.7, 55.4) | 45.3 | (30.7, 55.4) | 39.7 | (24.0, 58.3) | ↓ |
| Immunization status (complete) (%) | 59.8 | (45.2, 70.1) | 59.8 | (45.2, 70.1) | 62.9 | (50.9, 74.9) | 62.9 | (50.9, 74.9) | 66.1 | (53.2, 80.1) | ↑ |
| Vitamin A supplementation (%) | 65.9 | (54.8, 80.1) | 65.9 | (54.8, 80.1) | 74.0 | (64.4, 81.9) | 74.0 | 0 (64.4, 81.9) | 75.5 | (65.5, 83.1) | ↑ |
| Exclusive breastfeeding < 6 months (%) | 56.2 | (36.2, 72.1) | 56.2 | (36.2, 72.1) | 64.7 | (52.2, 77.0) | 64.7 | (52.2, 77.0) | 70.5 | (54.2, 87.8) | ↑ |
| Childhood illness variables | |||||||||||
| Diarrhea (%) | 23.2 | (9.64, 32.2) | 23.2 | (9.64, 32.2) | 20.0 | (10.5, 28.8) | 20.0 | (10.5, 28.8) | 15.4 | (5.76, 25.0) | ↓ |
| ARI (%) | 7.4 | (2.0, 13.7) | 7.4 | (2.0, 13.7) | 7.0 | (4.1, 11.9) | 7.0 | (4.1, 11.9) | 6.1 | (2.0, 12.1) | ↓ |
| Fever (%) | 34.8 | (18.3, 53.4) | 34.8 | (18.3, 53.4) | 34.2 | (19.9, 49.3) | 34.2 | (19.9, 49.3) | 30.7 | (16.6, 50.5) | ↓ |
| Stunting (%) | 45.2 | (29.7, 57.0) | 45.2 | (29.7, 57.0) | 46.3 | (33.7, 55.2) | 46.3 | (33.7, 55.2) | 47.3 | (37.7, 58.1) | ↑ |
| Underweight (%) | 19.4 | (13.0, 29.2) | 19.4 | (13.0, 29.2) | 16.2 | (10.0, 22.3) | 16.2 | (10.0, 22.3) | 13.0 | (5.97, 23.5) | ↓ |
| Small size at birth (%) | 14.4 | (7.9, 21.1) | 14.4 | (7.9, 21.1) | 14.7 | (10.1, 26.0) | 14.7 | (10.1, 26.0) | 15.5 | (7.15, 37.0) | ↑ |
| Malaria control intervention variables | |||||||||||
| ITN coverage high (%) | 18.5 | (0, 100) | 18.5 | (0, 100) | 63.0 | (0, 100) | 51.9 | (0, 100) | 14.8 | (0, 100) | — |
| ITN ownership (household) (%) | 36.7 | (22.3, 52.5) | 36.7 | (22.3, 52.5) | 47.2 | (37.6, 58.7) | 47.2 | (37.6, 58.7) | 69.9 | (57.9, 79.2) | ↑ |
ARI = acute respiratory infection; ITN = insecticide-treated net.