Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Subjects.
| Characteristic | NGT (n=34) | Prediabetes (n=46) | T2DM (n=75) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 51.9±9.8 | 55.5±10.3 | 56.3±9.6 | NS |
| Male sex, % | 55.9 | 65.2 | 53.3 | NS |
| Height, cm | 164.1±9.8 | 163.5±8.9 | 162.8±8.7 | NS |
| Weight, kg | 63.2±9.8 | 65.8±11.1 | 64.5±11.7 | NS |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6±2.7 | 24.8±2.5 | 24.3±3.8 | NS |
| Waist circumference, cm | 80.29±7.78 | 82.46±7.10 | 87.00±8.50 | 0.017 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 123.4±13.3. | 127.0±13.5 | 131.5±16.1 | 0.026 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.3±10.0 | 77.4±8.6 | 80.6±11.7 | 0.032 |
| Hypertension, % | 11.8 | 28.3 | 53.3 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 7 (20.6) | 8 (17.4) | 20 (26.7) | NS |
| Alcohol | 20 (58.8) | 24 (52.2) | 27 (36.0) | 0.022 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 195.7±40.6 | 206.4±41.8 | 189.9±41.3 | NS |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 83.9±51.5 | 127.0±78.0 | 153.9±112.0 | 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 57.2±13.5 | 49.6±10.1 | 48.9±16.0 | 0.013 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.34±1.34 | 0.16±0.27 | 1.33±4.50 | NS |
| FPG, mg/dL | 92.1±10.3 | 100.7±21.4 | 179.8±85.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.4±0.2 | 5.9±0.2 | 9.4±2.4 | <0.001 |
| Insulin, µU/L | 6.6±3.0 | 6.9±2.6 | 11.0±11.7 | 0.008 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.5±0.8 | 1.7±0.8 | 5.1±6.3 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-B | 91.6±59.3 | 87.5±77.1 | 61.0±83.8 | NS |
| sCD36, pg/mL | 39.5±15.1 | 73.8±50.7 | 205.9±83.7 | <0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.1±0.6 | 8.6±0.58 | 9.23±0.9 | <0.001 |
| sCD36 index | 7.5±0.3 | 8.0±0.6 | 9.6±0.9 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation or number (%). P values for trend, comparison of the mean values by a one-way analysis of variance. Nominal variables were compared by chi-square test.
NGT, normal glucose tolerance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NS, not significant; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-B, homeostasis model assessment estimate of β-cell function; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; sCD36, soluble cluster determinant 36.