Table 1.
Characteristics of the included participants by education level.
| Elementary education | Secondary Education | University Education | p-trend | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 5,322 | N = 2,323 | N = 1,581 | |||
| Age (years)a | 56.8 (10.8) | 49.9 (9.9) | 49.4 (9.7) | <0.001 | 9226 |
| Sex (% female) | 2,885 (54.2%) | 1,241 (53.4%) | 768 (48.6%) | <0.001 | 9226 |
| Diabetes | 853 (16.0%) | 234 (10.1%) | 129 (8.2%) | <0.001 | 9226 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2,426 (45.6%) | 832 (35.8%) | 523 (33.1%) | <0.001 | 9226 |
| Hypertension | 2,492 (46.8%) | 677 (29.1%) | 391 (24.7%) | <0.001 | 9226 |
| Smoking | <0.001 | 9117 | |||
| Non-smokers | 3,138 (59.7%) | 1,095 (47.5%) | 700 (44.9%) | ||
| Ex-smokers | 1,053 (20.0%) | 530 (23.0%) | 445 (28.5%) | ||
| Current smokers | 1,063 (20.2%) | 679 (29.5%) | 414 (26.6%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 28.1 (4.6) | 26.6 (4.4) | 25.9 (4.2) | <0.001 | 9151 |
| Light PA (METs)a | 96.8 (131) | 76.2 (105) | 70.2 (95.8) | <0.001 | 9135 |
| Moderate PA (METs)a | 107 (206) | 88.9 (158) | 89.3 (123) | <0.001 | 9135 |
| Vigorous PA (METs)a | 92.6 (203) | 126 (195) | 147 (215) | <0.001 | 9135 |
| Total PA (METs)a | 297 (337) | 291 (290) | 306 (282) | 0.339 | 9135 |
| Inactive | 4,895 (93.0%) | 2,118 (92.1%) | 1,444 (91.9%) | 0.196 | 9135 |
| Social class (% manual) | 3,948 (79.7%) | 948 (41.9%) | 129 (8.3%) | <0.001 | 8774 |
| Quality of life – PCSa | 48.4 (9.3) | 51.6 (7.8) | 53.0 (6.9) | <0.001 | 8500 |
| Quality of life – MCSa | 47.6 (11.2) | 47.3 (10.5) | 47.6 (10.0) | 0.650 | 8500 |
| Cohort | <0.001 | 9226 | |||
| 1995 | 1,068 (20.1%) | 204 (8.8%) | 66 (4.2%) | ||
| 2000 | 1,740 (32.7%) | 497 (21.4%) | 222 (14.0%) | ||
| 2005 | 2,514 (47.2%) | 1,622 (69.8%) | 1,293 (81.8%) | ||
| Follow-up (days)a | 3,108 (1,178) | 2,754 (991) | 2,493 (749) | <0.001 | 9226 |
| CVD events | 304 (5.7%) | 67 (2.9%) | 34 (2.2%) | <0.001 | 9226 |
N(%) is shown except for awere mean and standard deviation is presented. P-trends were obtained with the Pearson test. BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease MCS: mental component score from the SF-36 questionnaire; PA: physical activity; PCS: physical component score from the SF-36 questionnaire.