Figure 1.

Effects of flower strips on flower-visiting pollinators in orchard alleyways. We detected significant effects of treatment (control, concealed-nectar, mixed, and open-nectar) on pollinator richness in either study year (a,b); an effect of the interaction between treatment and sampling month (June, July, and August) on eusocial bee abundance in 2012 (c); an effect of treatment on eusocial bee abundance in 2013 (d); and an effect of treatment on solitary bees in 2012 (e); but not 2013 (f). Error bars show standard errors and asterisks show level of significance (NS = p > 0.05, * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001) reported in LRTs (see Table 1 and main text for details).