Table 1.
Summary of minimum adequate models selected by inference on likelihood ratio tests. Effects of treatment (factor with four levels: control, concealed-nectar mix, mixed plots, and open-nectar mix), sampling month (factor with three levels: June, July and August), and the interaction between treatment (T) and month (M) on pollinator richness, pollinator abundance (eusocial bees and solitary bees; flower strips only), aphidophagous natural enemy abundance, other natural enemy abundance and natural enemy richness in orchard alleyways. Degrees of freedom (d.f.), test statistics (LRT) and p-values from likelihood ratio tests are shown. p-values of fixed effects included in final models are presented in bold (p < 0.05).
| 2012 | 2013 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within Flower Strip | Within Flower Strip | ||||||
| Response | Predictor | d.f. | LRT | p | d.f. | LRT | p |
| Pollinators | |||||||
| Richness | Treatment | 3 | 34.23 | <0.001 | 3 | 17.44 | 0.001 |
| Month | 2 | 5.63 | 0.060 | 2 | 9.13 | 0.010 | |
| T × M | 6 | 9.67 | 0.139 | 6 | 7.72 | 0.259 | |
| Eusocial bees | Treatment | 3 | 22.51 | <0.001 | |||
| Month | 2 | 18.37 | <0.001 | ||||
| T × M | 6 | 15.34 | 0.018 | 6 | 6.79 | 0.341 | |
| Solitary bees | Treatment | 3 | 13.96 | 0.003 | 3 | 7.02 | 0.071 |
| Month | 2 | 8.98 | 0.011 | 2 | 10.79 | 0.005 | |
| T × M | 6 | 8.49 | 0.204 | 6 | 4.85 | 0.564 | |
| Natural enemies | |||||||
| Richness | Treatment | 3 | 35.22 | <0.001 | |||
| Month | 2 | 23.14 | <0.001 | ||||
| T × M | 6 | 14.51 | 0.024 | 6 | 3.91 | 0.689 | |
| Aphidophagous taxa | Treatment | 3 | 3.27 | 0.352 | 3 | 18.47 | <0.001 |
| Month | 2 | 21.46 | <0.001 | 2 | 24.82 | <0.001 | |
| T × M | 6 | 2.27 | 0.893 | 6 | 9.53 | 0.146 | |
| Other taxa | Treatment | 3 | 28.00 | <0.001 | |||
| Month | 2 | 8.42 | 0.015 | ||||
| T × M | 6 | 40.02 | <0.001 | 6 | 8.74 | 0.189 | |