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. 2017 Oct;23(10):1732–1734. doi: 10.3201/eid2310.161430

Table. Summary of all reported Mycobacterium riyadhense infections in Saudi Arabia and other countries*.

Case Age, y/sex Nationality City Region/ country Specimen Smear/ culture results Clinical relevance† Treatment† Treatment outcome
This study
1 25/M Saudi Dammam Eastern/ Saudi Arabia Sputum ++/+ Yes CLR/INH/RFP Cured
2 55/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia BAL –/+ Yes INH/RFP/EMB/PZA Cured
3 39/F Non-Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Sputum +/+ Yes INH/RFP/EMB/PZA Cured
4 77/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Tracheal aspirate +/+ Yes INH/RFP Cured
5 57/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Lymph node –/+ Yes INH/RFP/CLR Cured
6 82/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia BAL –/+ Yes CLR/INH/RFP Cured
7 18/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Gastric aspirate +/+ Yes INH/RFP/EMB/PZA Cured
8 32/M Non-Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Endotracheal aspirate –/+ Yes CLR/INH/RFP Cured
9 61/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Sputum +/+ Yes INH/RFP NA
10 8/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Lymph node –/+ Yes CLR/INH/RFP Cured
11 82/M Saudi Dammam Eastern/ Saudi Arabia Sputum +/+ No INH/RFP Died
12
28/M
Saudi
Riyadh
Central/ Saudi Arabia
Lymph node
–/+
Yes
INH/RFP
Cured
Previous reports
( 1 ) 19/M Saudi Riyadh Central/ Saudi Arabia Bone infection in maxillary sinus –/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA Cured
( 2 ) 38/F South Korea NA South Korea Sputum +/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA Cured
( 3 ) 39/F France Toulon France Sputum +/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA Cured
( 4 ) 43/M Bahrain Awali Bahrain Sputum –/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA/CLR/CIP Cured
( 5 ) 18/F Saudi Jeddah West/
Saudi Arabia Brain with bone –/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA/MX Cured
( 6 ) 24/F Saudi Riyadh Central/
Saudi Arabia Spine –/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA Cured
( 7 ) 30/M Saudi NA West/
Saudi Arabia Sputum + lymph node +/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA Cured
( 8 ) 54/M Saudi NA Central/
Saudi Arabia BAL +/+ Yes INH/RIF/EMB/PZA Cured

*BA, bronchoalveolar lavage; NA, not available; +, positive; -, negative. Positive smearing results indicate the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Wherein, 10–99 AFB identified in 100 fields have been noted with (+), and 100–999 AFB in 100 fields correlates with (++). Positive culturing results highlight the presence of mycobacterial growth. CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLR, clarithromycin; EMB, ethambutol; INH, isoniazid; MX, moxifloxacin; PZA, pyrazinamide; RFP, rifampin. 
†Based on American Thoracic Society guidelines for pulmonary NTM disease/colonization (https://www.thoracic.org/statements/resources/mtpi/nontuberculous-mycobacterial-diseases.pdf).