Table 2.
Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% credible interval (CrI) of the effect of covariates on wasting and stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Somalia. The estimates were derived from two models: model A that did not account for the effect of conflict as covariate model B that accounted for the effect of recent and longer term conflict. Values in bold typeface are those that do not contain the value 1 in their 95% CrI and were considered statistically significant
| Correlates | Wasting | Stunting | |||||||
| Model A not controlling for the effect of conflict | Model B controlling for the effect of recent and longer term conflict | Model A not controlling for the effect of conflict | Model B controlling for the effect of recent and longer term conflict | ||||||
| OR | CrI | OR | CrI | OR | CrI | OR | CrI | ||
| Conflict data | |||||||||
| Recent conflict (within 3 months) |
1.37 | (1.33 to 1.42) | 1.21 | (1.15 to 1.28) | |||||
| Longer term conflict (3–12 months ago) |
1.76 | (1.71 to 1.81) | 1.88 | (1.83 to 1.94) | |||||
|
Livelihood
(agro-pastoral as reference) |
Pastoral | 0.94 | (0.91 to 0.97) | 0.93 | (0.91 to 0.96) | 0.60 | (0.41 to 0.87) | 0.60 | (0.41 to 0.87) |
| |
Riverine | 1.13 | (1.09 to 1.17) | 1.17 | (1.13 to 1.21) | 1.44 | (1.04 to 1.99) | 1.50 | (1.45 to 1.55) |
| |
Urban | 0.98 | (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.98 | (0.93 to 1.04) | 0.98 | (0.93 to 1.04) | 0.83 | (0.79 to 0.88) |
| |
IDP | 1.37 | (1.34 to 1.41) | 1.62 | (1.54 to 1.70) | 1.91 | (1.05 to 3.48) | 2.23 | (2.07 to 2.40) |
| Child data | |||||||||
| Vitamin A supplementation | 0.82 | (0.81 to 0.84) | 0.89 | (0.87 to 0.91) | 1.10 | (0.92 to 1.31) | 0.90 | (0.76 to 1.08) | |
| Measles vaccination | 0.87 | (0.71 to 1.05) | 0.86 | (0.84 to 0.88) | 0.87 | (0.73 to 1.04) | 0.88 | (0.84 to 0.91) | |
| Polio vaccination | 0.89 | (0.87 to 0.91) | 0.96 | (0.94 to 0.98) | 0.91 | (0.87 to 0.94) | 0.95 | (0.93 to 0.97) | |
| Diarrhoea | 1.38 | (1.16 to 1.64) | 1.37 | (1.15 to 1.63) | 1.43 | (1.21 to 1.68) | 1.42 | (1.34 to 1.50) | |
| Acute respiratory infection | 1.27 | (1.07 to 1.50) | 1.27 | (1.07 to 1.50) | 1.12 | (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.13 | (1.09 to 1.17) | |
| Febrile Illness | 1.29 | (1.08 to 1.53) | 1.28 | (1.08 to 1.52) | 1.16 | (1.12 to 1.20) | 1.16 | (1.12 to 1.21) | |
| Suspected measles | 1.13 | (0.98 to 1.32) | 1.13 | (0.98 to 1.31) | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 | (0.78 to 1.34) | |
| Sex of the child (female) | 0.72 | (0.63 to 0.83) | 0.72 | (0.63 to 0.84) | 0.75 | (0.66 to 0.86) | 0.75 | (0.66 to 0.86) | |
| Chid age (<12 reference) | 12–<24 months | 0.57 | (0.53 to 0.61) | 0.57 | (0.44 to 0.74) | 3.36 | (3.27 to 3.46) | 3.36 | (2.53 to 4.47) |
| |
24–59 months | 0.69 | (0.55 to 0.87) | 0.69 | (0.55 to 0.87) | 2.34 | (2.28 to 2.41) | 2.34 | (1.79 to 3.07) |
| Household data | |||||||||
| Household size | 1.04 | (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.10 | (1.06 to 1.13) | 1.04 | (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.04 | (1.00 to 1.07) | |
| Number of under-5 | 1.07 | (1.02 to 1.13) | 1.03 | (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.04 | (1.02 to 1.07) | 1.03 | (1.01 to 1.06) | |
| Female household head | 1.06 | (0.89 to 1.28) | 1.08 | (0.90 to 1.30) | 1.22 | (1.02 to 1.45) | 1.22 | (1.02 to 1.46) | |
| Age of the mother | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.04 | (1.03 to 1.04) | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.01) | |
| MUAC of mother | 0.99 | (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.89 | (0.88 to 0.90) | 0.98 | (0.97 to 0.98) | 0.97 | (0.94 to 0.99) | |
| Food and nutrition | |||||||||
| Carbohydrate | 0.90 | (0.87 to 0.93) | 0.89 | (0.87 to 0.91) | 0.95 | (0.92 to 0.98) | 0.95 | (0.92 to 0.98) | |
| Protein | 0.70 | (0.68 to 0.72) | 0.87 | (0.84 to 0.89) | 0.94 | (0.91 to 0.96) | 0.94 | (0.91 to 0.97) | |
| Fats | 1.01 | (0.81 to 1.25) | 0.96 | (0.94 to 0.98) | 0.96 | (0.79 to 1.17) | 0.95 | (0.93 to 0.97) | |
| Fruits and vegetables | 0.94 | (0.82 to 1.08) | 0.94 | (0.82 to 1.08) | 0.98 | (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.98 | (0.87 to 1.11) | |
| Climatic/environmental data | |||||||||
| Season (Deyr as reference) | Gu | 0.85 | (0.83 to 0.87) | 0.81 | (0.79 to 0.83) | 0.80 | (0.62 to 1.04) | 0.92 | (0.85 to 1.01) |
| |
Hagaa | 1.12 | (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.11 | (1.07 to 1.14) | 1.31 | (1.25 to 1.37) | 1.09 | (1.03 to 1.15) |
| |
Jilaal | 1.31 | (1.27 to 1.36) | 1.33 | (1.30 to 1.37) | 1.03 | (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.10 | (1.07 to 1.13) |
| |
Distance to water | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.00) |
| Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) | 0.42 | (0.12 to 1.43) | 0.39 | (0.35 to 0.45) | 0.45 | (0.43 to 0.46) | 0.40 | (0.39 to 0.41) | |
| Rainfall | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.83 | (0.83 to 0.84) | 0.99 | (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.86 | (0.85 to 0.87) | |
| Temperature | 1.12 | (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.12 | (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.34 | (1.30 to 1.38) | 1.32 | (1.29 to 1.36) | |
| Urbanisation | 0.98 | (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.82 | (0.79 to 0.86) | 1.02 | (0.98 to 1.07) | 0.91 | (0.89 to 0.93) | |
| Interaction terms | |||||||||
| Carbohydrate: EVI | 1.10 | (1.02 to 1.19) | 2.54 | (0.80 to 8.07) | |||||
| Carbohydrate: precipitation | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.01) | |||||
| Protein: EVI | 1.22 | (0.70 to 2.12) | 1.23 | (0.34 to 4.41) | |||||
| Protein: precipitation | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.01) | |||||
| Recent conflict: carbohydrate | 0.96 | (0.70 to 1.33) | 0.71 | (0.35 to 1.43) | |||||
| Recent conflict: protein | 0.67 | (0.17 to 2.72) | 0.51 | (0.21 to 1.25) | |||||
| Recent conflict: EVI | 1.37 | (0.69 to 2.71) | 2.17 | (0.70 to 6.73) | |||||
| Recent conflict: precipitation | 1.15 | (1.02 to 1.30) | 1.22 | (1.08 to 1.37) | |||||
| Longer term conflict: carbohydrate | 0.78 | (0.30 to 2.00) | 0.79 | (0.20 to 3.14) | |||||
| Longer term conflict: protein | 0.92 | (0.39 to 2.21) | 0.80 | (0.39 to 1.65) | |||||
| Longer term conflict: EVI | 1.91 | (1.79 to 2.04) | 1.98 | (1.67 to 2.34) | |||||
| Longer term conflict: precipitation | 0.98 | (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.96 | (0.93 to 0.99) | |||||
| EVI: temperature | 0.19 | (0.06 to 0.55) | 0.28 | (0.09 to 0.90) | |||||
CRI, credible interval; IDP, internally displaced persons; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.