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. 2017 Sep 29;7:12416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12759-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nickel concentrations at the end of the Permian as determined by ICP-MS analyses by the authors. C marks the position of the end-Permian negative shift in δ¹³C. (a) Spiti, India (zero marks the latest Permian extinction layer just below the iron-rich layer and the negative shift in δ¹³C) (4 pts.); (b) Bukk Mountains, Hungary (zero marks the latest Permian extinction layer and the negative shift in δ¹³C) (9 pts.); and (c) Sasayama, Japan (zero marks the latest Permian extinction level, and the transition from radiolarian chert to black mudstone) (7 pts.). No carbon-isotope data are available for this section (see text for details).