Figure 4.

Gene expression changes in fish exposed to high vs. low temperature sampled when larvae at 15 days post fertilization (dpf) or when juveniles at 60 dpf. (a) Genes related to DNA methylation: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1) and DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 (dnmt3); (b) Genes related to stress: glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1) and heat shock cognate 70 protein (hsp70); (c) Genes related to muscle growth and differentiation: insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) and myogenin (myog). (d) Genes related to organ/tissue formation/function: long melanopsin (opn4α), related to visual system; thyroid hormone receptor alpha (tr-α), related to metamorphosis; and trypsinogen 2 (tryp2), related to the digestive system. Data are shown as log₂-transformed fold change (log₂FC) values and error bars indicate the confidence intervals. For each gene, log₂FC values were calculated comparing the +4 °C group with respect to their corresponding low temperature at either 15 (19 °C vs 15 °C) or 60 dpf (21 °C vs 17 °C), which was always set at 0 in the log scale (n = 4). For each gene, statistical differences were calculated by pairwise Student’s two-tailed t-tests and corrected for multiple comparisons and are shown between each group and its corresponding control temperature group (asterisks), with the following equivalence: *q < 0.05, **q < 0.01, ***q < 0.001, ns = not significant, nd = not determined.