Table 2.

Therapies with SCs expressing Abs and Ab fragments against brain tumor antigens and their outcome in preclinical studies.

	Stem cell	Therapeutic protein	Brain tumor model	Outcome	Reference
1	NSC HB1.F3	Full length anti-HER2 Ab (trastuzumab equivalent)	Breast cancer brain metastases (BT474Br cells)	Significant improvement of survival in mice (approximately 30 days)	(108)
2	NSC	EGFR-specific nanobodies (ENbs) and ENb2-TRAIL immunoconjugate	Intracranial glioblastoma model (U87)	Significant inhibition of tumor growth with NSC-ENb2 and complete prevention of outgrowth with NSC-ENb2-TRAIL; increased survival; inhibition of tumor invasiveness	(109)
3	hMSC	Anti-EGFRvIII scFv	Intracranial glioma xenografts (U87-EGFRvIII)	Survival prolonged for 1 week in mice; an additional injection further prolonged survival	(110)