Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 101 reported chronic and prolonged immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus cases at time of detection, 1962–2016.
| Characteristic | Number of cases, n/N (%) | Prolonged excretor casesa, n/N (%) | Chronic excretor casesb, n/N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 101 | 94 | 7 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 63/98 (64) | 59/91 (65) | 4/7 (57) |
| Female | 35/98 (36) | 32/91 (35) | 3/7 (43) |
| Age at onset or first positive specimen | |||
| <1 year | 46/100 (46) | 46/93 (49) | 0/7 (0) |
| 1 to <5 years | 37/100 (37) | 37/93 (40) | 0/7 (0) |
| 5 to <10 years | 7/100 (7) | 6/93 (6) | 1/7 (14) |
| 10 to <20 years | 5/100 (5) | 2/93 (2) | 3/7 (43) |
| 20 to <30 years | 3/100 (3) | 1/93 (1) | 2/7 (29) |
| ≥30 years | 2/100 (2) | 1/93 (1) | 1/7 (14) |
| Paralysis | |||
| Yes | 71/100 (71) | 67/93 (72) | 4/7 (57) |
| No | 29/100 (29) | 26/93 (28) | 3/7 (43) |
| Country of residence income classificationc | |||
| High income | 29/101 (29) | 22/94 (23) | 7/7 (100) |
| Upper-middle income | 47/101 (47) | 47/94 (50) | 0/7 (0) |
| Lower-middle income | 24/101 (24) | 24/94 (26) | 0/7 (0) |
| Low income | 1/101 (1) | 1/94 (1) | 0/7 (0) |
| WHO region of residence | |||
| Eastern Mediterranean Region | 43/101 (43) | 43/94 (46) | 0/7 (0) |
| African Region | 6/101 (6) | 6/94(6) | 0/7 (0) |
| Western Pacific Region | 10/101 (10) | 7/94 (7) | 3/7 (43) |
| European Region | 14/101 (14) | 10/94 (11) | 4/7 (57) |
| South-East Asian Region | 13/101 (13) | 13/94 (14) | 0/7 (0) |
| Region of the Americas | 15/101 (15) | 15/94 (16) | 0/7 (0) |
| Immunodeficiency disorder | |||
| SCID and other combined humoral/T-cell deficiencies | 27/92 (29) | 27/85 (32) | 0/7 (0) |
| SCID | 25/92 (27) | 25/85 (29) | 0/7 (0) |
| CVID | 21/92 (23) | 14/85 (16) | 7/7 (100) |
| Antibody disorders | 31/92 (33.7) | 31/85 (36) | 0/7 (0) |
| HGG | 10/92 (11) | 10/85 (12) | 0/7 (0) |
| XLA | 12/92 (13) | 12/85 (14) | 0/7 (0) |
| AGG | 5/92 (5) | 5/85 (6) | 0/7 (0) |
| Other disorders | 13/92 (14) | 13/85 (15) | 0/7 (0) |
| MHC II | 6/92 (7) | 6/85 (7) | 0/7 (0) |
| HLA-DR | 4/92 (4) | 4/85 (5) | 0/7 (0) |
| Serotyped | |||
| 1 | 15/101 (15) | 12/94 (13) | 3/7 (43) |
| 2 | 68/101 (67) | 64/94 (68) | 4/7 (57) |
| 3 | 13/101 (13) | 13/94 (14) | 0/7 (0) |
| 1 + 2 | 2/101 (2) | 2/94 (2) | 0/7 (0) |
| 2 + 3 | 3/101 (3) | 3/94 (3) | 0/7 (0) |
| All type 2 associated | 73/101 (72) | 69/94 (73) | 4/7 (57) |
| Outcome status | |||
| Dead | 48/101 (48) | 45/94 (48) | 3/7 (43) |
| Stopped excreting | 36/101 (36) | 34/94 (36) | 2/7 (29) |
| Alive (and excreting at last specimen) | 8/101 (8) | 7/94 (7) | 1/7 (14)e |
| Unknown | 9/101 (9) | 8/94 (9) | 1/7 (14) |
AGG, agammaglobulinemia; CVID, common variable immunodeficiency disorder; HGG, hypogammaglobulinemia; HLA-DR, human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related; MHC II; major histocompatibility complex type II; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency disorder; WHO, World Health Organization; XLA, X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
aDefined as excreting virus for ≥6 months and ≤5 years.
bDefined as excreting for >5 years.
cBased on 2016 World Bank Classification.
dSerotype of virus in most recent specimen available.
eThis case has been published (27).