Table 3.

Volumetry comparisons for T1D subjects between those with NAH and IAH.

Region	Group values (mean ± SD)		Group-comparisons
				Without adjustment for T1D duration and A1C		With adjustment for T1D duration and A1C
	T1D with NAH (n = 31)	T1D with IAH (n = 20)	Diff* (%)	unadj_p	fdr_p	unadj_p	fdr_p
Whole cortex	0.33 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.02	−7.9	0.002	0.002	0.0009	0.0009
Frontal lobe	0.120 ± 0.007	0.108 ± 0.008	−9.1	0.002	0.008	0.002	0.006
Occipital lobe	0.031 ± 0.002	0.029 ± 0.003	−3.8	0.593	0.593	0.342	0.342
Parietal lobe	0.079 ± 0.005	0.073 ± 0.006	−8.0	0.013	0.018	0.011	0.015
Temporal lobe	0.074 ± 0.004	0.069 ± 0.005	−8.2	0.008	0.016	0.005	0.009
ACC	0.0034 ± 0.0004	0.0032 ± 0.0005	−5.4	0.528	0.704	0.377	0.528
Hippocampus	0.0059 ± 0.0004	0.0057 ± 0.0006	−3.3	0.478	0.704	0.396	0.528
PCC	0.0033 ± 0.0004	0.0032 ± 0.0004	−2.7	0.966	0.966	0.876	0.876
Thalamus	0.0104 ± 0.0008	0.0097 ± 0.0011	−5.2	0.313	0.704	0.292	0.528

Linear mixed models used for the comparisons included age, sex, BMI, hemisphere and protocol as covariates, both without and with additional adjustment for disease duration and A1c. False discovery rate correction was applied for the 4 lobes, and, separately, for the ACC, hippocampus, PCC, and thalamus. Shaded areas indicate p < 0.05, and bold numbers indicate group differences for which fdr_p < 0.05. ACC (anterior cingulate cortex), PCC (posterior cingulate cortex), unadj_p (unadjusted p-value), fdr_p (p-value after false discovery rate correction).

^*Differences were calculated as IAH minus NAH for the T1D subjects.