Table 1.
Application of VR simulators for different surgeries
| Surgery | VR simulators | Haptics | Visual | Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laparoscopic | LapSim (Essence and haptic system) | Yes | LCD-based | Basic skills, tasks training and imaging |
| Lap Mentor (LAP Mentor III) | Yes | LCD-based | Tasks, skills and suturing simulation | |
| MIST-VR (VIST® G5) | Yes | LCD-based | Evidence-based validity and high-fidelity simulation | |
| Simendo (Pro3 laparoscopy) | No | LCD-based | Novice and intermediate skills | |
| Orthopedics | Procedicus KSA VR | Yes | Monitor-based | Laparoscopic surgery skills |
| Procedicus virtual arthroscopy simulator | Yes | Monitor-based | Knee laparoscopic surgery skills | |
| Insight Arthro VR Shoulder Simulator (Arthro MentorTM) | Yes | LCD-based | Fundamentals of arthroscopic surgery training and diagnostic procedures | |
| TraumaVision | Yes | LCD-based | Hip fracture simulator training | |
| Other surgeries | Visible Ear Simulator | Yes | LCD-based | Basic mastoidectomy tutoring |
| Eyesi VR Magic (Eyesi Surgical) | No | Operating microscope-based | Cataract and vitreoretinal surgery training |