PPD and metformin synergistically inhibit EC growth in vivo. Ishikawa cells were inoculated subcutaneously under the scruff of nude mice (8 mice/group), and then PPD and or metformin were injected 100 mg/kg by intraperitoneal once a day after xentransplantation. Tumor growth was monitored by measuring the tumor volume every three day (A). After 19 days, mice were euthanized, and the tumor tissues were collected, and digested for analyzing the expression of Fas, FasL, Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by flow cytometry (B). The data were expressed as means ± SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 or ***P<0.001 (one-way ANOVA).