ChIV-induced neuroprotective effect after isoflurane anesthesia (1.8%, 6 h) was mediated by SIRT1/ERK1/2 pathway. A. Different concentration of chIV (12.5, 25, 50 μg/ml) had no significant effect on primary hippocampal neuron viability. B. A graph representative of Western blot analysis of nuclear SIRT1, p-ERK1/2 expressions in primary hippocampal neuron. C. The statistical analysis showed that chIV (25 μg/ml) induced upregulation of SIRT1 was counteracted by sirtinol in isoflurane anesthesia. D. The statistical analysis showed that chIV (25 μg/ml)-induced upregulation of p-ERK1/2 was counteracted by sirtinol. E. Sirtinol counteracted chIV (25 μg/ml)-induced increase of cell viability in primary hippocampal neuron. F. Sirtinol counteracted chIV (25 μg/ml)-induced decrease of LDH release. Data were presented as mean ± SEM (n = 7 per group). *denotes p<0.05, **denotes p<0.01, ***denotes p<0.001 when comparing the two groups under each end of the capped line.