Fig. 12.

Illustrative example of use of the model to identify trade-offs between multiple objectives such as maximising yield, minimising nitrate leaching and minimising N₂O emissions. As maximising or minimising any one of these objectives affects the others, the optimisation identifies points on a multi-dimensional frontier with Pareto optimality. On this frontier no objective can be improved upon without a detrimental effect on at least one of the other objectives. This frontier therefore represents the best trade-offs that can be achieved.