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. 2017 Sep 25;8:687. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00687

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Copyright © 2017 Yassine, Shahram and Body.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The embryological origins of the thoracic vasculature and outflow tract. The embryonic first and second heart fields are derived from the lateral plate mesoderm. The first heart field forms the early heart tube, into which second heart field cells migrate to form the convoluting heart. The cardiac neural crest is derived from a clone of neural crest cells that migrate along the third and fourth pharyngeal arches to form the head and upper limb arteries along with the ascending aorta and aortic arch. The pulmonary artery is formed from neural crest cells that migrate along the sixth pharyngeal arch.