Table 5.
Characteristics Between LAM-Negative and LAM-Positive HIV-Associated Tuberculosis (N = 194)
| Characteristics | LAM-Negative TB (N = 138) |
LAM-Positive TB (N = 56) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or N (%) | Mean ± SD or N (%) | ||
| Demographic and Education | |||
| Age (years) | 35.3 ± 10.4 | 34.0 ± 7.5 | .30 |
| Male sex | 83 (60.1) | 34 (60.7) | 1.0 |
| Completed high school | 50 (36.5) | 15 (26.8) | .24 |
| Clinical | |||
| Prior TB infection | 9 (6.5) | 5 (8.9) | .55 |
| Currently smoke tobacco | 32 (23.2) | 8 (14.3) | .24 |
| Body temperature | 36.5 ± 1.2 | 36.5 ± 1.5 | .77 |
| Fever (temperature >38.3°C) | 8 (9.4) | 5 (10.2) | 1.0 |
| Heart rate | 97.7 ± 22.9 | 115.2 ± 26.0 | .0002 |
| Tachycardia (>100 heart beats/minute) | 39 (44.8) | 32 (65.3) | .03 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 113.5 ± 16.0 | 104.7 ± 21.0 | .01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 73.2 ± 16.3 | 68.3 ± 12.3 | .06 |
| TB-Related Symptoms | |||
| Current cough | 60 (43.5) | 32 (57.1) | .11 |
| Fever | 58 (42.0) | 23 (41.1) | 1.0 |
| Night sweats | 59 (42.8) | 28 (50.0) | .43 |
| Weight loss | 75 (54.4) | 30 (53.6) | 1.0 |
| Having any of 4 TB-related symptoms | 104 (75.4) | 46 (82.1) | .35 |
| Having ≥2 TB-related symptoms | 72 (52.2) | 36 (64.3) | .15 |
| CD4 Cell Count | |||
| Median [IQR] CD4 cells/mm3 | 115 [48–227] | 61 [20–146] | .002 |
| Low CD4 (<100 cells/mm3) | 58 (45.3) | 36 (66.7) | .01 |
| Sputum AFB Microscopy Results | |||
| AFB negative | 106 (80.9) | 41 (77.4) | .37 |
| AFB positive with “scant” or 1+ | 20 (15.3) | 6 (11.3) | |
| AFB positive with ≥2+ | 5 (3.8) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Sputum TB Culture Results | |||
| Liquid culture (MGIT) positive | 78 (60.9) | 38 (74.5) | .09 |
| Solid culture positive | 42 (32.1) | 33 (64.7) | .0002 |
| Either culture positive | 82 (62.6) | 41 (80.4) | .02 |
| Treatment Outcomes | |||
| Failed, defaulted, or not completed treatment | 39 (47.6) | 21 (56.8) | .35 |
| Death during 12-month follow-up period | 19 (13.8) | 19 (33.9) | .001 |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; LAM, lipoarabinomannan; SD, standard deviation; TB, tuberculosis.