. 2017 Jun 25;4(3):45. doi: 10.3390/medicines4030045

Table 3.

Association of auricular signals and risk factors of metabolic syndrome # (n = 204).

	Age	Gender	Smoking	Alcohol Consumption	Family History (DM)	Diabetes	Hypertension	CHD	Hyperlipidemia	Central Obesity	Comorbid Illnesses
Visual inspection
Oily complexion on ears (Rt)					p < 0.01			p < 0.05		p < 0.05
Oily complexion on ears (Lt)					p < 0.05			p < 0.05		p < 0.001
Ear hairs (Rt)		p < 0.001	p < 0.001		p < 0.01	p < 0.01			p < 0.05	p < 0.05
Ear hairs (Lt)		p < 0.001	p < 0.001		p < 0.01	p < 0.001			p < 0.05	p < 0.05
Ear lobe crease (Rt)	p < 0.001					p < 0.05			p < 0.01	p < 0.01
Ear lobe crease (Lt)	p < 0.001					p < 0.05	p < 0.05	p < 0.05		p < 0.01
Electrical skin resistance test
Heart (Rt)	p < 0.05	p < 0.001	p < 0.01		p < 0.05	p < 0.001	p < 0.01	p < 0.05	p < 0.01	p < 0.05	p < 0.001
Heart (Lt)		p < 0.001				p < 0.001	p < 0.01	p < 0.05	p < 0.01		p < 0.001
Pancreas and gallbladder (Rt)			p < 0.05		p < 0.05	p < 0.01
Pancreas and gallbladder (Lt)		p < 0.01	p < 0.01		p < 0.05	p < 0.001	p < 0.01	p < 0.05	p < 0.01		p < 0.01
Endocrine (Rt)		p < 0.001	p < 0.01			p < 0.001	p < 0.001		p < 0.01		p < 0.001
Endocrine (Lt)	p < 0.05	p < 0.001	p < 0.001		p < 0.05	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.05	p < 0.01		p < 0.001
Pain pressure test
Heart (Rt)				p < 0.05		p < 0.001
Heart (Lt)
Pancreas and gallbladder (Rt)						p < 0.001	p < 0.05		p < 0.05		p < 0.05
Pancreas and gallbladder (Lt)		p < 0.01								p < 0.05
Endocrine (Rt)										p < 0.05	p < 0.05
Endocrine (Lt)						p < 0.05			p < 0.05	p < 0.01

# Using chi-square analyses; Only statistical significant p-values were displayed; Rt = right ear; Lt = left ear; DM= diabetes mellitus; CHD = Coronary heart disease.