Table 4.

Hub genes predicted in network proximity to ASD risk genes of three or more studies establish a significant number of interactions with ASD risk genes.

Gene and function	Symbol	Band	# Studies	np	|I|	|A ∩ I|	p
SRC Proto-Oncogene, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, frequently implicated in cancer	SRC	20q11.23	0	5	532	82	2.00·10−8
Tumor Protein P53 Involved in cell cycle regulation where negatively regulate cell division. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers	TP53	17p13.1	25	4	719	92	1.36·10−5
AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 Implicated in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, survival and differentiation (OMIM 164730)	AKT1	14q32.33	25	4	589	73	2.90·10−4
Ras Homolog Family Member A Regulates remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cell morphogenesis and motility. Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis	RHOA	3p21.31	13	4	406	65	1.53·10−7
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 is a member of the MAP kinase family that are involved in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development	MAPK14	6p21.31	11	4	333	44	1.30·10−3
Histone Deacetylase 3 belongs to the histone deacetylase family and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter; down-regulates p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis	HDAC3	5q31.3	8	4	275	43	3.54·10−5
Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1 is a molecular chaperone involved in signal transduction, protein folding, protein degradation, and morphologic evolution.	HSP90AA1	14q32.31	10	3	589	65	9.99·10−3
Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Is involved in promoting transcriptional activation; can participate in the formation of amyloid plaques of Alzheimer disease.	APP	21q21.3	15	3	363	42	1.68·10−2
Histone Deacetylase 1 Is a histone deacetylase and represses transcription; interacts with retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein to control cell proliferation and differentiation; modulates p53 effect on cell growth and apoptosis.	HDAC1	1p35.2	12	3	351	48	3.69·10−4
Cell Division Cycle 42 Acts in cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression.	CDC42	1p36.12	9	3	336	56	2.97·10−7
Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 2 is involved in the signal transduction pathway.	GRB2	17q25.1	21	3	279	42	1.06·10−4
Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Alpha phosphorylates proteins and substrates, changing their activity; contributes to the control glucose metabolism, cell division, and contextual memory; developmental changes in synapse morphology.	PRKACA	19p13.12	14	3	278	41	2.00·10−4
SOS Ras/Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1 participates in signal transduction pathways.	SOS1	2p22.1	14	3	260	50	1.26·10−8
SMAD Family Member 3 signal transducer and transcriptional modulator that mediates multiple signaling pathways probably involved in carcinogenesis	SMAD3	15q22.33	1	3	241	33	2.83·10−3
Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Beta is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family involved in cell proliferaton and differentiation	PRKACB	1p31.1	22	3	213	28	9.81·10−3
Cbl Proto-Oncogene targets substrates for degradation by the proteasome; is mutated or translocated in many cancers	CBL	11q23.3	12	3	203	37	3.77·10−6
Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Gamma is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and in the memory formation signaling cascade	PRKACG	9q21.11	7	3	185	27	2.70·10−3
Ras Homolog Family Member B Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins; plays a negative role in tumorigenesis	RHOB	2p24.1	8	3	174	38	2.19·10−8
SOS Ras/Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 2 is involved in the positive regulation of ras proteins	SOS2	14q21.3	12	3	109	24	7.36·10−6
Dynamin 2 produces microtubule bundles and binds and hydrolyzes GTP; regulates neuron morphology, axon growth; vesicular trafficking processes and cytokinesis	DNM2	19p13.2	19	3	84	21	3.27·10−6

Gene and function from GeneCards (Safran et al., 2003) and OMIM (Amberger et al., 2015); Band: cytogenetic band associated with genetic variations in SFARI (Abrahams et al., 2013); # Studies: number of studies supporting the genetic variations observed in the cytogenetic bands; I: interactors; A: ASD risk genes, |A| = 956; n_p: number of ASD risk gene sets the gene is network proximity to; I: interactors; p: probability that |A ∩ I| is greater than or equal to the observed value in a hypergeometric experiment; the total number of genes composing the network is 11,535.