Table 3.

Summary of cluster analysis for 299 linseed accessions with 27 traits.

Cluster	No. of accessions	Geographical origin	Major characteristics
1	12	Asia (6), Africa (3), Europe (2) and North America (1)	Low seed yield with high bolls m−2, low seeds boll−1 and small seeds; late flowering and maturity; high linolenic acid content; high straw weight; susceptible to fusarium wilt.
2	51	Europe (24), North America (17), Asia (5), and others (5)	Moderate seed yield with small seeds but high number of seeds boll−1; early flowering and maturity; high linolenic acid content.
3	6	Central and Eastern Europe (4) and Northern Europe (2)	Low seed yield; tall, high straw weight and fiber content. Moderately resistant to pasmo. Somewhat similar to fiber accessions.
4	80	North America (59), Europe (13), Asia (4), South America (2) and Africa (2)	High-yielding modern cultivars and breeding lines. High seed yield, seeds m−2 and bolls m−2; moderate flowering and maturity, seed size and plant height; resistant to lodging; moderately resistant to pasmo and powdery mildew.
5	2	North America (2)	High linoleic acid content and seed yield; modern Canadian cultivars.
6	91	North America (26), Europe (44), Asia (18), Africa (2) and Oceania (1)	Moderate seed yield with large seeds but low seeds m−2; high oleic acid content; relatively low straw weight; susceptible to fusarium wilt.
7	10	Southern Asia (5), North America (4) and Northern Europe (1)	Very low seed yield, seeds m−2 and bolls m−2 but very large seed size; very short plants and low straw weight; early flowering and maturity; high oil and oleic acid contents; susceptible to fusarium wilt.
8	47	Southern Asia (30), North America (10) and Europe (7)	Very low seed yield with moderate seed size; very short plants and low straw weight; early flowering and maturity; very high oleic acid content and high oil; susceptible to fusarium wilt.

Major characteristics of the eight clusters are summarized based on trait comparison in Table S10.