Table 1.

Examples of chemical-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) animal models.

Colitis Models	Procedure	Animals	References
DSS	1.5–5% (wt/vol) DSS (molecular weight 36–50 kDa) in the drinking water for 5–7 days	rodent	[9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
	1.25 g DSS per kg body weight twice a day for 5 days	piglets	[16]
	Chronic colitis: cyclic treatment with 2% DSS repeated 3 times for 30 days	C57BL/6 mice	[9]
TNBS	2 mg/100 mL of TNBS in 45% ethanol	C57BL/6 mice	[9]
	30 mg TNBS in 0.25 mL 50% ethanol	Wistar rats	[17]
	15 mg TNBS in 0.6 mL 50% ethanol	Sprague-Dawley rats	[18]
	15 mg/kg TNBS in 5 mL 50% ethanol	piglets	[19]
	30-mL of 120 mg/kg TNBS in 50% ethanol	minipigs	[20]
	10 mL of 100% ethanol and 1 g of TNBS in 10 mL of distilled water	adult mongrel dogs	[21]
acetic acid	4% acetic acid for 15 s	rats	[22]
	1 mL of 4% acetic acid in 0.9% NaCl	rats	[23,24]

DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; TNBS, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.