Table 3.
Associations between beverage consumption, energy, and macronutrient intakes in adults 19+ years of age: NHANES 2001–2012.
| Variables | No- and Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages | Water | LCSB vs. Water Trend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 Serving | 1–2 Servings | >2 Servings | Linear Trend | <1 Serving | 1–2 Servings | >2 Servings | Linear Trend | Linear Trend | |
| Energy (kcal) | 2134 ± 10 | 2038 ± 23 | 2080 ± 23 | 0.037 | 2170 ± 24 | 2136 ± 23 | 2114 ± 11 | 0.473 | NS |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 272 ± 1 | 257 ± 2 | 244 ± 2 | <0.001 | 276 ± 2 | 273 ± 2 | 267 ± 1 | <0.001 | * |
| Total sugar (g) | 125 ± 1 | 106 ± 1 | 92 ± 2 | <0.001 | 137 ± 2 | 129 ± 2 | 118 ± 1 | <0.001 | * |
| Added sugar (tsp eq) | 19.7 ± 0.2 | 15.8 ± 0.4 | 13.7 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 23.8 ± 0.5 | 21.4 ± 0.4 | 17.9 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | * |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 16.5 ± 0.2 | 16.8 ± 0.3 | 16.2 ± 0.3 | 0.334 | 14.4 ± 0.2 | 15.1 ± 0.2 | 17.1 ± 0.1 | <0.001 | * |
| Protein (g) | 82.3 ± 0.4 | 86.0 ± 0.8 | 87.9 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | 79.7 ± 0.7 | 80.3 ± 0.8 | 87.9 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | * |
| Total fat (g) | 78.1 ± 0.3 | 82.9 ± 0.8 | 87.3 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 77.1 ± 0.7 | 78.0 ± 0.6 | 79.5 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | * |
| Total MFA (g) | 28.8 ± 0.1 | 30.6 ± 0.3 | 32.3 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | 28.5 ± 0.3 | 28.8 ± 0.2 | 29.3 ± 0.1 | 0.001 | * |
| Total PUFA (g) | 17.3 ± 0.1 | 18.6 ± 0.3 | 19.9 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 16.5 ± 0.3 | 17.4 ± 0.3 | 17.7 ± 0.1 | 0.001 | * |
| Total SFA (g) | 25.1 ± 0.1 | 26.4 ± 0.3 | 27.5 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 25.2 ± 0.3 | 25.1 ± 0.2 | 25.4 ± 0.1 | 0.206 | * |
Individual usual intake was determined for each subject using the NCI method. Based on the individual intake, the percentage consumers of LCSB and water was estimated by age group, gender, and servings categories. Values are least square mean ± SE from regression models with age, gender, ethnicity, current smoking (Y/N), poverty income ratio, physical activity level (sedentary, moderate, vigorous based on responses to questions), and alcohol intake. Energy intake was added as a covariate for macronutrient intakes. NS: Indicates 99th percentile confidence intervals of beta coefficients for servings for LCSB and water overlap. * Indicates 99th percentile confidence intervals of beta coefficients for servings for LCSB and water do not overlap. Abbreviations: LCSB, no-and low-calorie sweetened beverages; MFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids.