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. 2017 Aug 28;9(9):945. doi: 10.3390/nu9090945

Table 3.

Associations of the revision of dietary guidelines and demographic, economic, geographical, anthropometric and seasonal factors with the frequency of consuming vitamin D-rich foods among Canadian children aged 6 to 18 years, participating in the 2007/2009 (Cycle 1) and 2012/2013 (Cycle 3) Canadian Health Measures Surveys.

Covariate Consuming Milk Daily or More Frequently ‡,† Consuming Fish Weekly or More Frequently ‡,† Consuming Egg Weekly or More Frequently ‡,† Consuming Red Meat Weekly or More Frequently ‡,†
OR (95% CI) p Value OR (95% CI) p Value OR (95% CI) p Value OR (95% CI) p Value
Cycle #
  Cycle 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  Cycle 3 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) 0.05 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) <0.01 0.9 (0.8, 3.1) 0.54 0.7 (0.3, 1.3) 0.22
Age
  6–9 years 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  10–13 years 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) <0.01 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) 0.96 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) 0.64 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) 0.97
  14–18 years 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) <0.01 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) 0.28 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) 0.84 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) 0.92
Gender
  Boys 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  Girls 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) <0.01 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) 0.54 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) 0.11 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) <0.01
Household income
  <50,000 CAD 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  50,000–<100,000 CAD 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) 0.85 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) 0.99 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) 0.46 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) 0.57
  ≥100,000 CAD 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) 0.63 1.3 (1.0, 1.9) 0.07 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) 0.73 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) 0.74
Region of residence
  Atlantic 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  Quebec 1.0 (0.4, 2.7) 0.95 2.0 (0.5, 7.9) 0.29 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) 0.33 4.2 (1.2, 14.3) 0.02
  Ontario 1.1 (0.4, 2.8) 0.84 1.2 (0.3, 4.8) 0.78 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) 0.65 1.2 (0.3, 4.5) 0.76
  The Prairies 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) 0.73 1.3 (0.3, 6.3) 0.71 1.2 (0.7, 2.2) 0.41 1.5 (0.2, 8.6) 0.66
  British Columbia 0.9 (0.3, 2.4) 0.81 1.4 (0.2, 9.0) 0.71 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) 0.30 1.3 (0.2, 6.8) 0.74
Ethnicity
  White 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  Non-white 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) 0.16 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) <0.01 1.6 (1.0, 2.5) 0.05 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) 0.03
Body weight status
  Under/Normal weight 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  Overweight 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) 0.48 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) 0.14 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) 0.55 1.0 (0.5, 1.8) 0.99
  Obese 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) 0.67 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) 0.08 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) 0.40 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) 0.69
Season
  Winter 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  Spring 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) 0.94 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) 0.59 1.4 (0.8, 2.4) 0.23 1.4 (0.5, 4.2) 0.49
  Summer 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) 0.83 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) 0.70 1.5 (0.8, 2.6) 0.18 1.2 (0.4, 3.2) 0.75
  Fall 1.3 (0.7, 2.7) 0.38 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) 1.00 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) 0.41 2.0 (0.6, 6.3) 0.22

Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence interval. Results of aged 6–18 years old children participated in CHMS cycles 1 and 3 were weighted to represent national estimates and adjusted for all covariates in the table. Adjusted for all covariates in the table.