Table 2.

Summary of animal studies.

Source	Subject	Treatment Group	Control Group	Main Results
Cheng et al. [32], 2007	Gerbils	90 mg kg−1 Mg Sulfate, intraperitoneal injection	90 mg kg−1 Saline solution, intraperitoneal injection	↑ cerebral glucose and pyruvate ↓ cerebral lactate formation
Chen et al. [27], 2009	Sprague-Dawley Rats	90 mg kg−1 Mg Sulfate, intraperitoneal injection	90 mg kg−1 Saline solution, intraperitoneal injection	↓ retention frequencies in treadmill exercise (only in the high-speed group) ↑ higher plasma glucose post exercise ↓ lower plasma lactate post exercise
Cheng et al. [18], 2010	Gerbils	90 mg kg−1 Mg Sulfate, intraperitoneal injection	90 mg kg−1 Saline solution, intraperitoneal injection	↑ duration of swimming ↑ plasma magnesium ↑ plasma glucose ↓ plasma lactate formation
Chen et al. [33], 2010	Gerbils	90 mg kg−1 Mg Sulfate, intraperitoneal injection	90 mg kg−1 Saline solution, intraperitoneal injection	↑ plasma glucose ↓ plasma lactate formation
Wang et al. [34], 2014	Gerbils	Nigari 18 mg·kg−1, orally	double-distilled water	↓ retention frequencies in treadmill exercise
Chen et al. [26], 2014	Sprague-Dawley Rats	90 mg kg−1 Mg Sulfate, intraperitoneal injection	90 mg kg−1 Saline solution, intraperitoneal injection	↑ glucose in blood, muscle and brain ↓ lactate formation in blood and muscle ↑ lactate formation in brain