Table 3.

Summary of human studies.

Source	Study Design	Group	Treatment	No. of Participants	Age, year	Male, %	Main Findings
Santos et al. [16] (2011, Portugal)	Cross-sectional, seven-day diet record	Male athletes	NA	26	20.1 ± 4.9	100	Positive association between Mg intake and strength performance
Matias et al. [17] (2010, Portugal)	Cross-sectional, one month	Male athletes	NA	20	22.9 ± 2.9	100	Mg supplementation can attenuate the strength reduction due to decreased ICW
Dominguez et al. [15] (2006, Italy)	Cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a prospective cohort study	Elderly	NA	1138	66.7 ± 15.2	46	Serum Mg level is positively associated with muscle performance in elderly
Kass and Poeira [36] (2015, UK)	Randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo controlled	T1	300 mg/day for 1 week (acute)	6	35.8 ± 6.2	50	Short-term supplementation was associated with better exercise performance
		T2	300 mg/day for 4 weeks (chronic)	7	40.8 ± 4.4	57
Veronese et al. [41] (2014, Italy)	RCT	T	300 mg/day for 12 weeks	53	71.8 ± 5.0	0	Daily magnesium oxide supplementation improves physical performance in healthy elderly women
		C	Blank control without treatment	71	71.3 ± 5.4	0
Moslehi et al. [43] (2013, Iran)	RCT	T	250 mg/day for 8 weeks	35	46.5 ± 3.8	0	Supplementation has no significant impact on muscle strength gain
		C	Placebo	34	46.1 ± 4.6	0
Ternlanche et al. [42] (1992, South Africa)	RCT	T	122.6 mg/day for 10 weeks	10	32.4 ± 11.5	NA	Supplementation did not improve exercise performance. It also did not improve muscle recovery
		C	Placebo	10	32.5 ± 7.7	NA
Brilla and Haley [23] (1992, USA)	RCT	T	Mg intake 8 mg/kg body weight per day	12	NA	NA	Supplementation led to greater quadriceps torque
		C	Placebo	14	NA	NA

¹ C, control; ICW, intercellular water; NA, not applicable/available; RCT, randomized controlled trial; T, treatment.