Table 4.
Anthropometrics and serum biochemical and inflammatory profiles following strawberry and control interventions in a 26-week crossover trial in obese adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (n = 17/group).
| Variables | Baseline | Strawberry (12-Week) | Washout (2-Week) | Control (12-Week) | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 39.1 ± 1.5 | 39.3 ± 1.4 | 39.3 ± 1.5 | 39.3 ± 1.5 | 0.41 |
| Body weight (lb) | 246.4 ± 7.3 | 245.6 ± 7.4 | 245.1 ± 7.1 | 245.0 ± 7.2 | 0.32 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 46.4 ± 1.1 | 46.5 ± 1.1 | 46.1 ± 1.0 | 46.8 ± 1.1 | 0.26 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 125 ± 3.0 | 125 ± 2.0 | 126 ± 3.0 | 127 ± 2.0 | 0.37 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80 ± 2.0 | 82 ± 1.0 | 81 ± 2.0 | 82 ± 1.0 | 0.41 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 113.4 ± 5.6 | 118.9 ± 8.7 | 114.7 ± 4.5 | 112.3 ± 5.1 | 0.31 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.1 | 5.99 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 0.88 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189 ± 6.2 | 188 ± 7.6 | 182 ± 7.0 | 188 ± 8.7 | 0.86 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 109 ± 6.3 | 108 ± 6.9 | 105 ± 6.8 | 105 ± 7.6 | 0.65 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51 ± 3.0 | 52 ± 2.9 | 50 ± 2.5 | 54 ± 3.3 | 0.12 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 129 ± 14.3 | 136 ± 16.1 | 128 ± 15.0 | 130 ± 12.9 | 0.54 |
| ALT (U/L) | 40.5 ± 2.8 | 38.6 ± 2.3 | 39.5 ± 2.1 | 40.6 ± 2.9 | 0.42 |
| AST (U/L) | 30.1 ± 2.6 | 28.9 ± 2.3 | 28.6 ± 1.7 | 31.4 ± 2.1 | 0.52 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.02 | 0.42 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 15.5 ± 0.9 | 14.5 ± 0.7 | 15.3 ± 1.0 | 14.5 ± 1.0 | 0.36 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 0.74 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.7 ± 1.4 | 0.006 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 18.6 ± 4.0 | 7.5 ± 0.7 | 16.3 ± 3.1 | 16.2 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| MMP-3 (ng/mL) | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 0.004 |
| MMP-8 (ng/mL) | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 0.26 |
| Nitrite (μM) | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 2.2 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 0.23 |
Values are means ± SEMs (Standard error of means) obtained from a linear mixed-effects model with time as within-subject factor and intervention group as a between-subject factor; * Strawberry 12-week vs. Control 12-week adjusted for Baseline; p < 0.05 in bold; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase.