Table 2.
Code | Milk Fraction | Processing Conditions | Day of Processing * | Grouping of Milk Types ** |
---|---|---|---|---|
RAW | Native raw milk | - | Wednesday | No-low heat |
PAS | Pasteurized | 72 °C for 20 s | Wednesday | No-low heat |
Total processing time *** 60 s | ||||
SKI | Skim milk | Separation at 50 °C | Tuesday | No-low heat |
FAT | Fat fraction/cream | Separation at 50 °C | Tuesday | - |
HOM | Homogenized milk | Preheating to 55 °C, 2-stage homogenization at 250/50 bar | Tuesday | - |
ESL | Extended shelf life milk | Preheating at 95 °C for 20 s, direct steam injection at 127 °C for 5 s | Monday | High heat |
Total processing time *** 60 s | ||||
UHT | Ultra-high heat treated | Preheating at 93 °C for 23 s, direct steam injection at 142 °C for 5 s | Monday | High heat |
Total processing time *** 85 s | ||||
BOI | Boiled milk | Preheating at >80 °C for >300 s, boiling at 100 °C for 30 s | Tuesday | High heat |
Total processing time *** 2000 s |
* Milk samples were collected on a Monday and stored at 1 °C until they were processed. Processing occurred on the same day or the two subsequent days. After processing samples were frozen to −20 °C and stored until analysis. ** For further analysis of heat treatment on milk proteins, grouping of milk types according to the heat treatment was conducted; homogenized milk was excluded due to additional treatment with pressure; cream was excluded because it contains only the milk fat fraction. *** Total processing time includes heating and cooling stage.