. 2017 Sep 1;9(9):968. doi: 10.3390/nu9090968

Table 3.

Anti-diabetic Effects of Rosemary Extract and its Main Polyphenolic Constituents: in vitro studies (hepatocytes).

Cell/Model	Treatment	Effects	Reference
HepG2 hepatocytes	Methanolic RE 100 μg/mL	↓ gluconeogenesis	[36]
HepG2 hepatocytes	Methanolic RE 0.4, 2, 10, 50 µg/mL	↑ glucose consumption	[37]
		↑ glycolytic rate
		↓ glycogenesis comparable to metformin
		↑ β-oxidation
		↓ decreased fatty acid synthesis
		↔ cell viability
HepG2 hepatocytes	CA 10–20 µM	↓ palmitate-induced lipid accumulation	[36]
HepG2 hepatocytes	CA 10–20 µM	↔ cell viability	[36]
HepG2 hepatocytes	COH 20–40 µM	↓ de novo formation of intracellular TG	[35]
HepG2 hepatocytes	COH 20–40 µM	↔ cell viability	[35]
HepG2 hepatocytes	RA 25–50 µM	↓ apoptosis	[39]
HepG2 hepatocytes	RA 25–50 µM	↓ ROS production	[39]