Table 4.

Anti-diabetic Effects of Rosemary Extract and its Main Polyphenolic Constituents: in vitro studies (adipocytes).

Cell	Treatment	Effects	Reference
3T3-L1 adipocytes	CA 3 µM, COH 3 µM	↓ differentiation	[40]
		↑ intracellular GSH
3T3-L1 adipocytes	Acetone RE 10–30 μg/mL CA 0.3–20 μM	Inhibited adipocyte differentiation ↔ cell viability	[41]
3T3-L1 adipocytes	RE 50 µg/mL	↑ intracellular lipid	[42]
		↑ glucose uptake
3T3-L1 adipocytes	CA 0.1–10 µM	↓ intracellular lipid accumulation	[43]
		↓ TG content (15.5–39.8%)
		↓ GPDH activity
		↔ cell viability
3T3-L1 adipocytes pretreated with LPS	CA 0–20 µM	↓ mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-6 and MCP-1	[44]
		↓ TLR4 protein expression
		↓ Phospho-ERK levels
		↓ NF-κB activation