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. 2017 Sep 4;9(9):972. doi: 10.3390/nu9090972

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Changes in body composition variables and vastus lateralis muscle thickness between groups. Legend: Data include pre- and post-intervention body mass values (panel a), total fat mass values determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; panel b), total body muscle mass (TBMM) values determined by DXA (panel c), and vastus lateralis (VL) thickness determined by ultrasonography (panel d). Each bar graph depicts group averaged data presented as mean + standard error values, and mean values are presented within each bar. Additional abbreviations: PLA, maltodextrin placebo; LEU, L-leucine; WPC, whey protein concentrate; WPH, whey protein hydrolysate; SPC, soy protein concentrate; Symbol: * within-group increase from pre- to post training (p < 0.05).